NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3-Journey to the end of the Earth

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Text Book Questions :-

Think :

How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind?
Ans. We can easily understand the past of humankind with the help of geological phenomena. They tell us the sort of life human beings led and how the evolution has changed everything.
What are the indications for the future of humankind ?
Ans. The future of mankind is not safe. The increasing global warming and climatic changes are a threat and it has brought a lot of serious problems.

Reading with Insight :

The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica’. How is the study of this region useful to us ?
Ans. Antarctica is the southern continent of the earth. It is the coldest and the driest area. Present day Antarctica was the centre of a huge landmass known as Gondwana. It existed some 650 years ago. The climate was different then as it was not cold but warm and a huge variety of flora and fauna could be found there. There were no human beings. The landmass was then fragmented and India was pushed against Asia and created the Himalayas. South America drifted away and joined North America. So, this is how continents were formed.
What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition ?
Ans. The reason for taking the high school students on ‘Students on Ice’ expedition was to provide them with inspiring educational opportunities. This will help them foster a new understanding and respect for our planet. Geoff Green was tired of carting celebrities and retired, rich, curiosity seekers who could only give back in a limited way. He offered the future generation of policy makers, a life-changing experience at an age when they’re ready to absorb, learn and most importantly, act.
‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves’. What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment ?
Ans. The relevance of the statement ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves’ is great when we talk in the context of the Antarctic environment. Antarctica has a simple ecosystem and a lack of biodiversity due to which, it is a perfect place to study how little changes in the environment can have big repercussions. The small phytoplankton, are the grasses of the sea that nourish and sustain the Southern ocean’s food chain. Scientists warn that a further depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of phytoplankton, which in turn, will affect the lives of all the marine animals and will also disturb the birds of the region and the global carbon cycle. Thus, the small things should be taken care of.
. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future ?
Ans. Antarctica is the only place in the world which has never sustained human population and therefore remains pristine in this respect; but because it holds half-million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice, it is a very important element in the debate of climate change. There are no trees, animals or buildings here. The world’s geological history is entombed in Antarctica. We can see ice-sheets breaking, water level rising, seals taking sun bath on the ice floors. We can also walk on the thin layers of ice and could feel the life under our feet. We can see icebergs as big as a small country. So, if we want to understand the earth’s present, past and future, we should go to Antarctica