CBSE Notes for Class 12
Entering class 12 is a great responsibility for the future educational journey. For any plans of future universities or careers, the scores and concepts understanding of the class 12 syllabus is a must.
To enhance one's knowledge of the concepts and score good marks, Oswal Publishers provides CBSE Notes for Class 12. These notes are an ocean of knowledge, made so that you want to learn more every time you start.
You can rely on these 12th CBSE Notes PDF without any doubt, as they include in-depth explanations for important topics along with illustrations and solved examples. Let's read more about what they are and what makes them important and unique.
Subject-wise List of CBSE Notes for Class 12
You will get well-structured notes on all the subjects and chapters mentioned below from the Oswal Publishers website.
1. Physics
Explore the elementary theories that characterise properties of matter, energy, and interactions. The notes include:
- Electric Charges and Fields
- Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
- Current Electricity
- Moving Charges and Magnetism
- Magnetism and Matter
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Alternating Current
- Electromagnetic Waves
- Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
- Wave Optics
- Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Atoms
- Nuclei
- Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
2. Chemistry
Look at the formation, structure, properties, and transformations of substances, focusing on organic and physical chemistry and analytical techniques.
- Solutions
- Electrochemistry
- Chemical Kinetics
- d and f Block Elements
- Coordination Compounds
- Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Alcohol, Phenol and Ether
- Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic Acids
- Amines
- Biomolecules
3. Biology
Courses on cell biology, genetics, physiology, ecology, and biotechnology will help you explore the structure, function, diversity, and evolution of living organisms.
- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Diseases
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
4. Mathematics
Immerse yourself in algebra, calculus, geometry, probability, and statistics, focusing on solving problems and consolidating your reasoning ability.
- Relations and Functions
- Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- Matrices
- Determinants
- Continuity And Differentiability
- Applications of Derivatives
- Integrals
- Applications of the Integrals
- Differential Equations
- Vectors
- Three-Dimensional Geometry
- Linear Programming
- Probability
5. Accountancy
The study of principles and methods of financial accounting, management accounting, and corporate accounting comprises recording, analysing, and presenting financial data.
- Fundamentals of Partnership Firms
- Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio
- Admission of a Partner
- Retirement and Death of a Partner
- Dissolution of a Partnership firm
- Accounting for Share Capital
- Accounting for Debentures
- Financial Statements of a Company
- Financial Statement Analysis
- Accounting Ratios
- Cash Flow Statement
6. Business Studies
Know business management, marketing, finance, and entrepreneurship, including organisational structures, strategic plans, and business ethics.
- Nature and Significance of Management
- Principles of Management
- Business Environment
- Planning
- Organising
- Staffing
- Directing
- Controlling
- Financial Management
- Financial Markets
- Marketing Management
- Consumer Protection
7. Economics
Compare economic systems and theories together with policies (microeconomics—individual behaviour and markets, and macroeconomics—national income, employment, inflation).
- National Income and Related Aggregates
- Money and Banking
- Determination of Income and Employment
- Government budget and the economy
- Balance of Payments
- Development Experience and Economic Reforms
- Current Challenges Facing the Indian Economy
- Development Experience of India
8. History
Analyse the socio-political, cultural, and economic dynamics of the various periods and regions, dealing with historical moments, events, movements, and significant personalities.
- Bricks, Beads and Bones
- Kings, Farmers and Towns
- Kinship, Caste and Class
- Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings
- Through the Eyes of Travellers
- Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
- An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagar
- Peasants, Zamindars and the State
- Colonialism and The Countryside
- Rebels and the Raj
- Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement
- Framing the Constitution
9. Geography
Study the shape, space and history of the Earth's surface, which will encompass the appearance and development of different subjects such as geomorphology, climatology, economic geography and human geography.
Part A - Fundamentals Of Human Geography
1 - Human Geography: Nature and Scope
2 - Population
4 - Human Development
5 - Primary Activities
6 - Secondary Activities
7 - Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
8 - Transport and Communication
9 - International Trade
Part B - India: People And Economy
1 - Population Distribution
4 - Human Settlements
5 - Land Resources
6 - Water Resources
7 - Mineral and Energy Resources
9 - Planning in India
10 - Transport and Communication
11 - International Trade
12 - Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
Part C - Practical Geography
1 - Data-Its source and compilation
2 - Data Processing
3 - Graphical Representation of Data
6 - Spatial Information Technology
10. Political Science
Evaluate political theories, institutions, processes, and systems for instance, power, democracy, international relations, and politics of the whole world.
Part A - Contemporary World Politics
- The End of Bipolarity
- New Centres of Power
- Contemporary South Asia
- United Nations and its Organizations
- Security in the Contemporary World
- Environment and Natural Resources
- Globalisation
Part B - Politics In India Since Independence
- Challenges of Nation-Building
- Planned Development
- India's Foreign policy
- Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System
- Democratic Resurgence
- Regional Aspirations
- Indian Politics: Recent Trends and Development
Importance of Notes in CBSE Class 12 Exam Preparation
The Class 12 CBSE Notes are important for every Class 12 student in many ways.
i. Concise Recap: The notes give one a concise presentation of the main ideas, capturing relevant points for revision before examinations.
ii. Clarity of Concepts: Comprehensive notes make complex topics easy to understand, doubts are cleared, and information becomes stronger.
iii. Time Management: Notes that are written properly to save time when revisions are being done.
iv. Retention Aid: Writing and reviewing notes enhances memory retention, making it much easier to remember for exams when precision is vital.
v. Self-Assessment: Notes offer a basis for self-assessment by narrowing down strong and weak points of one's knowledge. In turn, it makes it easier for the student to get motivation for the study.
Features of CBSE Class 12 Notes
Some special features that make CBSE Class 12 Notes PDF unique and helpful.
i. Comprehensive Coverage: These notes comprise all the chapters and topics listed in the CBSE Class 12 syllabus.
ii. Structured Format: The outline will be along a structured path with headings, subheadings, and bullet points to help you navigate the material more effectively.
iii. Clarity and Simplicity: The information is short and written in simple language with clear examples for easier comprehension.
iv. Inclusion of Diagrams and Tables: Notes include some diagrams, columns, and explanatory pictures that enable visual learners to better understand the topic.
v. Key Highlights: Emphasis on necessary formulas, definitions, and main concepts to help quickly revise and retain information.
vi. Regular Updates: Notes are revised frequently to comply with any curriculum updates and changes, thus maintaining quality, timeliness, and accuracy.
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FAQs on CBSE Notes for Class 12
Ans: CBSE Class 12 notes are shortened summaries of the topics covered in each subject of the Class 12 curriculum. They provide key points, important formulas, and explanations to help students understand and revise the material effectively.
Ans: CBSE Class 12 notes can be found in various places, including textbooks, online educational platforms like Oswal Publishers, and websites dedicated to CBSE study materials. Oswal Publishers also provides CBSE Class 12 Notes PDF Download option for convenience.
Ans: While CBSE Class 12 notes help understand concepts and revise, it’s essential to complement notes with thoroughly studying textbooks, solving practice questions, and referring to additional resources like sample papers and reference books.