Tertiary And Quaternary Activities Class 12 Notes Geography Chapter 7 - CBSE

Chapter : 7

What Are Tertiary And Quaternary Activities ?

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As countries grow economically, large chunk of its population starts working in tertiary sector.
Tertiary sector deals with providing services and exchange. For e.g., services include teaching, medical services etc and exchange include trade, transport and communication.
Basically, tertiary sector can be categorised into four broad categories i.e., Trade and commerce, transport, Communication and services.
Trade and Commerce include buying selling of products for profit making. The physical setup for conducting trade and commerce is called as Trade centres.
Trade centres can be divided as Rural trading centres and Urban trading centres.
Rural centres cover smaller area with more traditional products required for rural population.
Because such areas have low demand, thus instead of permanent markets weekly or fortnightly markets (periodic markets) are organised.
Urban trade centres sell complex variety of products comparing with rural trade centres and cover wider area.
On the basis of style of working, Trade and commerce can be Retail trading and Whole sale trading.
In both retail and wholesale trading products are sold in the state they are purchased. Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers oftenly at a small scale, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers in bulk quantity.
Transportation helps in carrying goods and people from one place to another physically. When goods and people are moved their value increases.
The transport distance is usually measured in three ways: Km distance, time distance and cost distance. Isochrone lines are drawn on a map to join places equal in terms of the time taken to reach them.
Higher is the population of a region, higher will be the demand for transportation. For e.g., Singapore, Hong Kong and Tokyo etc.
The route of a transportation depends upon many factors like location of cities, towns, villages, industrial centres and raw materials, pattern of trade between them, nature of the landscape between them, type of climate, and funds available for overcoming obstacles along the length of the route.
Communication means exchanging messages and ideas in any form.
New ways of communication like satellites, telephones and internet have made communications independent of transport.
Telecommunication is one among the communication services. It has revolutionised the communication by reducing time and distance between people at different spaces.
When communication occur to large number of populations called as Mass media like radio, television.
The recent advancement in communication networking is internet, which has brough the world closer.
Services of lower order caters common demands like grocery and services of higher order are based on specialisations like teaching etc.
Services of utmost importance usually comes under central government control like defence, highways; whereas transport, telecommunication, energy and water supply are controlled by state government.
The location of services does matter a lot. Services like shopping centers an eating joints are located close to Central Business District.
As the countries progress economically, the population pressure shifts from primary to secondary to tertiary.
Tourism industry has gained popularity in recent times. It contributes tremendously in the GDP of countries like Singapore, Thailand, Sri lanka. Australia etc.
Major tourist attraction can be historic regions like Taj Mahal, Pyramids of Giza; Natural regions like Himalayas, Niagara Water falls, National Parks or can be well developed regions like Hong Kong, Tokyo, New York etc.
The advancement in transport and the rise in living standard of people has raised the demand for tourism globally.
Taking advantage of it, patients now can plan their treatment abroad (medical tourism) to avail the best healthcare at affordable price. This situation gives benefits to developing countries like India where health amenities are cheaper than developed countries.
Quaternary sector includes economic activities which are based on the intellectual or knowledge-based economy. This involves work that conceives, creates, interprets, organizes, directs and transmits with the help and support of scientific and technical knowledge. Foe e.g. CEO’s or a medical transcriptionist
In quinary sector, people with a charge to take decision and form policies for an organisation are included. Like senior business executives, government officials, research scientists, financial and legal consultants, etc.
It is inevitable that due to various reasons not all the countries are equally handy in ICT. Some areas are comparatively more advanced like USA. This gap between countries is called as Digital Divide.