Kings, Farmers and Towns Class 12 Notes History Chapter 2 - CBSE

Chapter : 2

What Are Kings, Farmers And Towns ?

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Inscriptions are the written text generally on the hard surfaces that includes stones, potteries or several metal surfaces.
The two earliest scripts that were deciphered by the East India Company were Brahmi and Kharoshti script.
James Prinsep was an officer of the East India Company who served in the mint section of the company. He led to the decipherment of several scripts from ancient India.
Mahajanapadas were the largest and most powerful territorial units during the period of 600 BCE and 600 CE.
There total number was sixteen.
The earliest capital of the Magadha was Rajagriha. The capital was later shifted to the city of Pataliputra.
The five major political centres of power in Mauryan Empire were Pataliputra, Taxila, Ujjayini, Tosali and Suvarnagari.
According to Ashoka Dharma, we should show respect towards our elders and generosity towards the Brahmins.
Prashastis were the inscriptions that were written in the praise of the Kings. They were generally associated with the Gupta period.
Harishena served as the court poet of Samudragupta. He composed the Allahabad Pillar Inscription in Sanskrit.
Prabhavati Gupta was the daughter of Chandragupta II.
Kings had the authority to collect taxes from the common people. They were also allowed to take tributes from the cultivators and traders.

They gave lands to the religious institutions and to the Brahamanas to obtain legitimacy for their rule from them.
Kushanas ruled over the territories extending from the Central Asia to the North Western territories between 100 BCE to 100 CE.
Kushanas ruled over the territories extending from the Central Asia to the North Western territories between 100 BCE to 100 CE.
Books like Panchatantra and Jatakas mentioned stories related to the lives and events of the ordinary people.
The famous book Harshacharita was written by Banabhatta. The book is the biography of the ruler of Kannauj ‘Harshavardhana.’
Mathura was a center for commercial, political as well as cultural activities which led to the increase of its relevance.
Suvarnagiri also known as the golden mountains, was important due to the availability of gold mines in the region.
The most of the Ashokan inscriptions were written in the Prakrit language. The script of the Prakrit language was Brahmi script.
The introduction of the two new religions Buddhism and Jainism in fifth century B.C also changed the social structure of the society.
Gahapati was the term used for the individual who exercised control over the resources of a household that include material resources like land and living resources like women, slaves, children.
The participation of women in the administrative and economic activities during ancient period was very less.
Guilds were the collective organisation of the craftsmen and other merchants sharing common interest.