| 1 | Understanding Social Science (4 Hours) | - Meaning, scope and relevance of Social Science
- Understanding Social Science from an Indian perspective
| - Explain the relevance of studying Social Science to understand society, environment, economy, and governance in our lives.
- Explain the meaning and scope of Geography, History, Political Science, and Economics as disciplines and recognise their interconnections.
- Appreciate diversity, inclusivity, sustainability, and equity as guiding values when studying society and making decisions.
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| 2 | Shaping of the Earth’s Surface (8 Hours) | - Theory of plate tectonics
- Interior of the Earth
- Role of weathering and erosion; agents of gradation – river, waves and currents, wind, glaciers, and underground water
- Landforms and disasters: earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) and duststorms
| C4.2 - Describe the concept of plate tectonics and analyse its relevance in understanding Earth’s dynamics.
- Locate major tectonic plates on a world map.
- Explain processes of weathering and erosion with suitable examples.
- Identify the prominent agents of gradation operating in a given region.
- Describe major landforms and explain the processes involved in their formation.
- Explain the causes of natural disasters and propose strategies for their mitigation.
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| 3 | Atmosphere and Climate (7 Hours) | - Structure and composition; elements of weather and climate
- Seasons of India and monsoons
- Climate change
- Floods Carbon footprint
| C4.3, C4.4, C4.5 - Explain the different atmospheric layers and represent them using sketches and diagrams.
- Observe and analyse local winds and their impact.
- Understand the impact of the Indian monsoon on life, agriculture, and livelihoods across different regions.
- Explain the causes and effects of climate change.
- Represent climatic data (temperature, rainfall, etc.) through appropriate graphs, charts, or diagrams.
- Analyse how climate change influences the frequency and intensity of natural disasters.
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| 4 | Early Humans and Beginning of Civilisation (9 Hours) | - Cultural development from 2 million years ago
- Early human history, periodisation: Archaeological ages
- Who are human ancestors?
- Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers and use of stone tools
- Mesolithic transition to food production
- Neolithic revolution: domestication of plants and animals
- Harappan and contemporary cultures
- Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Chinese civilisation
| C1.2, C2.1, C2.2, C2.3 - Describe how prehistoric time divisions are organised.
- Explain how humans lived before the invention of writing.
- Understand the beginning of settled life with agriculture and domestication.
- Explore the factors of urban development and transformation.
- Appreciate the diversity of crafts and trade and their role in the economy.
- Understand the diversity of food habits.
- Describe social, political, and religious structures of early civilisations.
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| 5 | State and Society (upto 1000 CE) (9 Hours) | - Vedic Age: geography, texts, rituals, political institutions, and social order
- Administrative structure of early empires
- Quest for knowledge: educational heritage, institutions, traditions
- Traders and trade routes, guilds and merchants, crafts and industries
| C1.3, C2.3, C3.1, C1.4 - Explain various facets of Vedic society and polity.
- Appreciate the achievements of Indian empires and their cultural legacy.
- Understand the knowledge traditions and practices of India.
- Understand the foundations of Indian social and political institutions and their continuity.
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| 6 | Democracy (9 Hours) | - Meaning, features and types of democracy
- Roots of democracy in India
- Challenges to democracy in India
- Democratic systems in the world
| C5.1, C5.2 - Understand the features of democracy.
- Appreciate early democratic traditions in India.
- Differentiate between parliamentary and presidential systems.
- Identify examples across countries such as India, USA, France, Russia, and Canada.
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| 7 | Elections (9 Hours) | - Factors of importance of elections
- Electoral systems
- Delimitation Commission
- Election Commission of India and its role
- Constituency, electoral rolls, enumerators
- Party system in India
| C5.2, C5.3, C5.4, C5.5, C6.2, C6.3, C6.4, C9.1 - Identify factors highlighting importance of elections in a democracy.
- Categorise three types of electoral systems and list examples.
- Identify the major laws that govern the conduct of elections in India.
- Describe the main provisions of the Representation of the People Acts.
- Define the concept of delimitation and its purpose in the Indian electoral system.
- Identify the role and functions Election Commission of India (ECI) in the electoral process.
- Explain constituency, electoral roll, enumerator.
- Understand the party system in India.
- Explain the meaning and features of a coalition government in the Indian political system. Explain key provisions of the Anti-Defection Law with reference to political instability and the need for anti- defection measures.
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| 8 | Building Blocks in Economics (7 Hours) | - Scarcity of resources, opportunity cost and the need for making choice. What do economists do?
- What to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce?
- Difference between market, centrally planned, and mixed economic systems
- Welfare economy
| C8.2 - Explain the meaning of scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost in everyday life, and economic decision-making.
- Describe what economists do and how they study production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
- Recognise how economic analysis helps in policy-making and solving real-world issues.
- Describe the three central problems of an economy — what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce.
- Identify and differentiate the characteristics of planned, free market, and mixed economic systems.
- Explain the concept of a welfare economy and the importance of social safety nets.
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| 9 | The Price Puzzle: What Drives the Market (8 Hours) | - Laws of demand and supply
- Real-world deviations from textbook theory, such as in case of necessities, luxury goods, perishable items, and expectations
- Some related concepts — price ceilings and market failures (externalities, information asymmetry, public goods)
| C7.1 - Explain the Law of Demand and Law of Supply with the help of real life examples.
- Interpret how changes in price affect the quantity demanded and quantity supplied of goods and services.
- Identify the equilibrium price and quantity where demand and supply intersect.
- Analyse how changes in market conditions (e.g., increase in demand or supply) lead to surplus or shortage and affect equilibrium.
- Explain the concept of price ceilings and how they can lead to shortages or black markets.
- Understand market failures and identify their main types.
- Understand public goods (non- excludable and non-rival goods like parks or street lighting).
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