Collection, Organisation And Presentation Of Data Class 11 Notes Economics Chapter 2 - CBSE
Chapter : 2
What Are Collection, Organisation And Presentation Of Data ?
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Data
Data is a collection of information obtained through measurements, study, observations or analysis.
Sources Of Data
Primary Data
- Data originally collected by conducting an enquiry is called primary data as it considered as first hand information.
Secondary Data
- Data already in existence or collected and processed by some other agency is called as secondary data.
Modes Of Collecting Primary Data
Personal Interviews
- Direct Personal Investigation
- Information
- Indirect Personal Investigation
Information through Questionnaires And Schedules
- Enumerators
- Mailing (Questionnaire’s) Surveys
Telephonic Interviews
Modes Of Collecting Secondary Data
Published Sources
- Government or Semi-government Publications
- Reports of Committees and Comissions
- Publications of Trade associations or Research Scholars/institutions
- Journals and Papers
Unpublished Sources
- These data are not published and are collected by the government organisations and others, generally for their self use or for office record.
Methods of Statistical Enquiry
Census Method
- It is a term used to describe a methodical approach to gather and record information about every element of the population.
Sample Method
- This approach is the one in which only a small number of the population’s representative objects are chosen, and data are gathered from them.
Methods of Sampling
Random Sampling
Non-random Sampling
Organisation Of Data
- Organisation of data refers to the arrangement of figures in such a way that comparison of a large amount of similar data can be facilitated and further analysis may be performed.
Classification Of Data
- It is a process of arranging things in groups or classes on the basis of their similarities.
Basis of Classification of Data
- Geographical
- Chronological
- Qualitative
- Simple
- Manifold
- Quantitative or Numerical
Variable
A characteristic whose value can be measured and can be changed overtime.
- Discrete Variable
- Continous Variable
Raw Data
- Raw Data is an unorganised data of the various items which cannot be used in its given way.
Statistical Series
- It refers to the arrangement of classified data in a logical sequence, such as in accordance with the frequency , size, or other measurable or immeasurable characteristics.
Types of Statistical Series
Individual Series
Frequency Series
- Discrete Series/Frequency Array
- Frequency Distribution
- Exclusive Series
- Inclusive Series
- Open-end Series
- Cumulative Frequency Series
- Mid-value Frequency Series
Presentation Of Data
- The presentation of data means the display of data in such a manner that these can be easily understood and analysed.
Presentation of Data
- Textual Presentation of Data
- Tabular Presentation of Data
- Diagrammatic Presentation of Data
- Geometric Form
- Bar Diagrams
- Pie Diagrams
- Frequency Diagrams
- Histogram
- Frequency Polygon
- Ogive
- Arithmetic Line Graphs or Time Series Graphs
- One Variable Graph
- Two or more than two variable graph
- Geometric Form
Kinds of Tables
- According to Purpose
- General Purpose Table
- Special Purpose Table
- According to Originality
- Original Table
- Derived Table
- According to Construction
- Simple or one way Table
- Complex Table
- Double/Two way table
- Treble table
- Manifold table
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