CBSE Notes for Class 12

Table Of Contents−

Entering class 12 is a great responsibility for the future educational journey. For any plans of future universities or careers, the scores and concepts understanding of the class 12 syllabus is a must.

To enhance one's knowledge of the concepts and score good marks, Oswal Publishers provides CBSE Notes for Class 12. These notes are an ocean of knowledge, made so that you want to learn more every time you start.

You can rely on these 12th CBSE Notes PDF without any doubt, as they include in-depth explanations for important topics along with illustrations and solved examples. Let's read more about what they are and what makes them important and unique.

Subject-wise List of CBSE Notes for Class 12

You will get well-structured notes on all the subjects and chapters mentioned below from the Oswal Publishers website.

1. Physics

Explore the elementary theories that characterise properties of matter, energy, and interactions. The notes include:

  1. Electric Charges and Fields
  2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
  3. Current Electricity
  4. Moving Charges and Magnetism
  5. Magnetism and Matter
  6. Electromagnetic Induction
  7. Alternating Current
  8. Electromagnetic Waves
  9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
  10. Wave Optics
  11. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
  12. Atoms
  13. Nuclei
  14. Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

2. Chemistry

Look at the formation, structure, properties, and transformations of substances, focusing on organic and physical chemistry and analytical techniques.

  1. Solutions
  2. Electrochemistry
  3. Chemical Kinetics
  4. d and f Block Elements
  5. Coordination Compounds
  6. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
  7. Alcohol, Phenol and Ether
  8. Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic Acids
  9.  Amines
  10. Biomolecules

3. Biology

Courses on cell biology, genetics, physiology, ecology, and biotechnology will help you explore the structure, function, diversity, and evolution of living organisms.

  1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
  2. Human Reproduction
  3. Reproductive Health
  4. Principles of Inheritance and Variation
  5. Molecular Basis of Inheritance
  6. Evolution
  7. Human Health and Diseases
  8. Microbes in Human Welfare
  9. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
  10. Biotechnology and its Applications
  11. Organisms and Populations
  12. Ecosystem
  13. Biodiversity and Conservation

4. Mathematics

Immerse yourself in algebra, calculus, geometry, probability, and statistics, focusing on solving problems and consolidating your reasoning ability.

  1. Relations and Functions
  2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
  3. Matrices
  4. Determinants
  5. Continuity And Differentiability
  6. Applications of Derivatives
  7. Integrals
  8. Applications of the Integrals
  9. Differential Equations
  10. Vectors
  11. Three-Dimensional Geometry
  12. Linear Programming
  13. Probability

5. Accountancy

The study of principles and methods of financial accounting, management accounting, and corporate accounting comprises recording, analysing, and presenting financial data.

  1. Fundamentals of Partnership Firms
  2. Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio
  3. Admission of a Partner
  4. Retirement and Death of a Partner
  5. Dissolution of a Partnership firm
  6. Accounting for Share Capital
  7. Accounting for Debentures
  8. Financial Statements of a Company
  9. Financial Statement Analysis
  10. Accounting Ratios
  11. Cash Flow Statement

6. Business Studies

Know business management, marketing, finance, and entrepreneurship, including organisational structures, strategic plans, and business ethics.

  1. Nature and Significance of Management
  2. Principles of Management
  3. Business Environment
  4. Planning
  5. Organising
  6. Staffing
  7. Directing
  8. Controlling
  9. Financial Management
  10. Financial Markets
  11. Marketing Management
  12. Consumer Protection

7. Economics

Compare economic systems and theories together with policies (microeconomics—individual behaviour and markets, and macroeconomics—national income, employment, inflation).

  1. National Income and Related Aggregates
  2. Money and Banking
  3. Determination of Income and Employment
  4. Government budget and the economy
  5. Balance of Payments
  6. Development Experience and Economic Reforms
  7. Current Challenges Facing the Indian Economy
  8. Development Experience of India

8. History

Analyse the socio-political, cultural, and economic dynamics of the various periods and regions, dealing with historical moments, events, movements, and significant personalities.

  1. Bricks, Beads and Bones
  2. Kings, Farmers and Towns
  3. Kinship, Caste and Class
  4. Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings
  5. Through the Eyes of Travellers
  6. Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
  7. An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagar
  8. Peasants, Zamindars and the State
  9. Colonialism and The Countryside
  10. Rebels and the Raj
  11. Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement
  12. Framing the Constitution

9. Geography

Study the shape, space and history of the Earth's surface, which will encompass the appearance and development of different subjects such as geomorphology, climatology, economic geography and human geography.

Part A - Fundamentals Of Human Geography

1 - Human Geography: Nature and Scope

2 - Population

4 - Human Development

5 - Primary Activities

6 - Secondary Activities

7 - Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

8 - Transport and Communication

9 - International Trade

Part B - India: People And Economy

1 - Population Distribution

4 - Human Settlements

5 - Land Resources

6 - Water Resources

7 - Mineral and Energy Resources

9 - Planning in India

10 - Transport and Communication

11 - International Trade

12 - Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

Part C - Practical Geography

1 - Data-Its source and compilation

2 - Data Processing

3 - Graphical Representation of Data

6 - Spatial Information Technology

10. Political Science

Evaluate political theories, institutions, processes, and systems for instance, power, democracy, international relations, and politics of the whole world.

Part A - Contemporary World Politics

  • The End of Bipolarity
  • New Centres of Power
  • Contemporary South Asia
  • United Nations and its Organizations
  • Security in the Contemporary World
  • Environment and Natural Resources
  • Globalisation

Part B - Politics In India Since Independence

  • Challenges of Nation-Building
  • Planned Development
  • India's Foreign policy
  • Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System
  • Democratic Resurgence
  • Regional Aspirations
  • Indian Politics: Recent Trends and Development

Importance of Notes in CBSE Class 12 Exam Preparation

The Class 12 CBSE Notes are important for every Class 12 student in many ways.

i. Concise Recap: The notes give one a concise presentation of the main ideas, capturing relevant points for revision before examinations.

ii. Clarity of Concepts: Comprehensive notes make complex topics easy to understand, doubts are cleared, and information becomes stronger.

iii. Time Management: Notes that are written properly to save time when revisions are being done.

iv. Retention Aid: Writing and reviewing notes enhances memory retention, making it much easier to remember for exams when precision is vital.

v. Self-Assessment: Notes offer a basis for self-assessment by narrowing down strong and weak points of one's knowledge. In turn, it makes it easier for the student to get motivation for the study.

Features of CBSE Class 12 Notes

Some special features that make CBSE Class 12 Notes PDF unique and helpful.

i. Comprehensive Coverage: These notes comprise all the chapters and topics listed in the CBSE Class 12 syllabus.

ii. Structured Format: The outline will be along a structured path with headings, subheadings, and bullet points to help you navigate the material more effectively.

iii. Clarity and Simplicity: The information is short and written in simple language with clear examples for easier comprehension.

iv. Inclusion of Diagrams and Tables: Notes include some diagrams, columns, and explanatory pictures that enable visual learners to better understand the topic.

v. Key Highlights: Emphasis on necessary formulas, definitions, and main concepts to help quickly revise and retain information.

vi. Regular Updates: Notes are revised frequently to comply with any curriculum updates and changes, thus maintaining quality, timeliness, and accuracy.

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FAQs on CBSE Notes for Class 12

Ans: CBSE Class 12 notes are shortened summaries of the topics covered in each subject of the Class 12 curriculum. They provide key points, important formulas, and explanations to help students understand and revise the material effectively.

Ans: CBSE Class 12 notes can be found in various places, including textbooks, online educational platforms like Oswal Publishers, and websites dedicated to CBSE study materials. Oswal Publishers also provides CBSE Class 12 Notes PDF Download option for convenience.

Ans: While CBSE Class 12 notes help understand concepts and revise, it’s essential to complement notes with thoroughly studying textbooks, solving practice questions, and referring to additional resources like sample papers and reference books.

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