Biological Classification Class 11 Notes Biology Chapter 2 - CBSE
Chapter : 2
Biological Classification
Scientific procedure of arranging organisms into a hierarchical series of groups and sub-groups on the basis of their similarities and dissimilarities.
Aristotle
Plants
- Trees
- Shrubs
- Herbs
Animals
- With RBC
- Without RBC
Linnaeus: 2 Kingdom Classifications
- Plantae
- Animalia
Whittaker 5 Kingdom Classifications
- Animals
- Plants
- Fungi
- Bacteria
- Protists
Species
It is defined as the organism of particular kind whose members can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile young ones.
Grouping In A Sequence
- Genus: Similar species constitute next higher category.
- Family: A group of genera with certain common characteristics.
- Order: A group of related families.
- Class: Related orders make class.
- Phylum: Largest division in classification.
- Kingdom: Largest division of living being.
Five Kingdom Classification
Monera
- Prokaryotic type
- Some have cells walls.
- Either autotrophic or heterotrophic
- E.g. Blue green algae, mycoplasma etc.
Protista
- Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms
- Some bear cilia or flagella
- Either autotrophic or heterotrophic
- E.g. Protozoans, diatoms etc.
Fungi
- Made up of hyphae
- Cell wall contains chitin
- Heterotrophic
- E.g. Yeast, mushrooms etc.
Plantae
- Multicellular
- Photosynthetic
- Autotrophic
- Different plantae are: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Petridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Monocots, Dicots.
Animalia
- Multicellular
- No cell wall
- Usually mobile
- Heterotyphic
- Different animalia are: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platihelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, molluscua, Echinodermata, Chordata.
Lichen
Symbiotic association of algae and fungi.
Virus
Infectious acellular chemical having either DNA or RNA as genetic material covered by protein coat called capsid.
Viroid’s
Naked DNA or RNA without protein coat, smaller than virus.
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