Biological Classification Class 11 Notes Biology Chapter 2 - CBSE

Chapter : 2

Biological Classification

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Scientific procedure of arranging organisms into a hierarchical series of groups and sub-groups on the basis of their similarities and dissimilarities.

Aristotle

Plants

Trees
Shrubs
Herbs

Animals

With RBC
Without RBC

Linnaeus: 2 Kingdom Classifications

Plantae
Animalia

Whittaker 5 Kingdom Classifications

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Bacteria
Protists

Species

It is defined as the organism of particular kind whose members can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile young ones.

Grouping In A Sequence

Genus: Similar species constitute next higher category.
Family: A group of genera with certain common characteristics.
Order: A group of related families.
Class: Related orders make class.
Phylum: Largest division in classification.
Kingdom: Largest division of living being.

Five Kingdom Classification

Monera

Prokaryotic type
Some have cells walls.
Either autotrophic or heterotrophic
E.g. Blue green algae, mycoplasma etc.

Protista

Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms
Some bear cilia or flagella
Either autotrophic or heterotrophic
E.g. Protozoans, diatoms etc.

Fungi

Made up of hyphae
Cell wall contains chitin
Heterotrophic
E.g. Yeast, mushrooms etc.

Plantae

Multicellular
Photosynthetic
Autotrophic
Different plantae are: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Petridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Monocots, Dicots.

Animalia

Multicellular
No cell wall
Usually mobile
Heterotyphic
Different animalia are: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platihelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, molluscua, Echinodermata, Chordata.