Probability Class 10 Notes Maths: Chapter 15

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Probability

Experiment : It is a process, resulting in some well-definedoutcomes.
Random Experiment : In this type of experiment, all the outcomes are known in advance, but the outcome of any specific event is unpredictable.
Outcome : This is the result of an experiment.
Sample Space : The sample space is a set of all possible outcomes of a random experimentand is generally denoted by ‘S’.
Event : An event is an occurrence.
In a random experiment, if there are n elementary events and m are favourable to an event E, then the probability P of happening of E, denoted by P(E) or simply P, is definedas the ratio M/N It is thus, a concept which measures, numerically, the degree of certainty of the occurrence of events. P(E)=Favourable Outcomes/Total Outcomes
The probability of a sure event is always 1.
The probability of an impossible eventis always 0.
The sum of theprobabilities of all theoutcomes of elementaryevents is 1.
Complementary Events :For any event E,$$P(E) + P(\text{\={ E}} ) =1, where \text{\={ E}}$$standsfor not E, E and E are calledcomplementary events.
For any event E associated to a random experiment, we have 0≤P(E)≤1.