Oswal Practice Papers CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Solutions (Practice Paper - 9)

Section-A

1. (c) Urdhvahastottansana

Explanation :

Urdhva tadasana is also known asa upward salute or upward hand pose. It helps in circulation, toning of the thighs and aids in digestion.

2. (b) Mask

Explanation :

The word "personality" stems from the Latin word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn by performers to play roles or disguise their identities.

3. (a) Law of Inertia

Explanation :

Newton's first law states that if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force.

4. (b) Incision

Explanation :

Incision is also known as surgical cut, made during a surgery like on abdominal incision.

5. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation :

Gravity is the downward force upon a projectile that influences its vertical motion and causes the parabolic trajectory that is characteristic of projectiles. Thus assertion is true but reason is false.

6. (d) post-experiences

Explanation :

Post experience cannot be made accessible for the CWSN because that will come once they will undergo the process.

7. (a) Directly proportional

Explanation :

The momentum of an object is equal to the mass of the object times the velocity of the object. where ‘m’ is the mass and ‘v’ is the velocity. The equation illustrates that momentum is directly proportional to an object's mass and directly proportional to the object's velocity.

8. (a) Plate tapping test

Explanation :

The Plate Tapping Test (Reaction Tap Test) is a reaction test using an alternating wall tapping action which measures upper body reaction time, hand-eye quickness and coordination.

9. (b) 4 3 2 1
10. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation :

Energy giving foods include foods rich in carbohydrate and fats. The fruits such as orange, mango and papaya come under citrus, nutrient and berry fruits respectively. Thus assertion is true but reason is false.

11. (a) Roughage

Explanation :

Roughage is fibrous indigestible material in vegetable foodstuffs which aids in the passage of food and waste products through the gut.

12. (a) how fast chemical reactions occur

Explanation :

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the number of calories burnt while the body performs basic life sustaining functions. It also measures how fast chemical reactions occur.

13. (b) Tadasana

Explanation :

Tadasana' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'tada' meaning 'palm' or 'mountain' and 'asana' meaning 'posture' or 'seat'. The Tadasana symbolizes standing strong like a tree or a mountain. It is also called the mountain pose or palm tree posture.

14. (b) Normal weight

Explanation :

BMI = Weight (kg)/height² (m)
= 90/2 × 2
= 22.5
BMI ranges (in kg/m²) is classified into different weight types:
Underweight: Less than 18.5.
Optimum range: 18.5 to 24.9.
Overweight: 25 to 29.9.
Class I obesity: 30 to 34.9.
Class II obesity: 35 to 39.9.
Class III obesity: More than 40.
Thus Mr. Venu is in Normal weight category.

15. (b) Measurement

Explanation :

Measurement is a process of assigning numeric values to the component which is being tested. Component of physical fitness are muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, cardio-vascular endurance.

16. (b) Dynamic Equilibrium

Explanation :

Dynamic equilibrium is a state of the body that continues to move with uniform velocity. In this case, the net external force and torque on the body are equal to zero.

17. (b) Iso-tonic

Explanation :

Isotonic exercise is movement that requires muscles to resist weight over a range of motion, causing a change to the length of the muscle.

18. (b) 2

Explanation :

Khelo India National Fitness Program has 2 key outcomes:

Physical Fitness Assessment for all children
Sports Skills Assessment for identifying Potential Talent

Section-B

19. When the body or an object is moving with a constant velocity - that is with no change in speed or direction it is said to be in dynamic equilibrium. Dynamic equilibrium or dynamic stability is a balance of the body during movement.
Example: Body position maintained by a sprinter while running on the track, Cyclist while cycling, dribbling of the football by a soccer player etc.

20. This event is generally conducted to spread awareness about social issues like cleanliness, promoting green environment etc. The purpose of such events is to spread awareness among the masses for a definite cause or to generate charity. For example, the specific cause may be cancer, AIDS, gender inequality etc.

21. This test is done in the standing position.

Place one hand behind the head and back over the shoulder, and reach as far as possible down the middle of your back, the palm touching the body and the fingers directed downwards.
Place the other arm behind the back, palm facing outward and fingers upward and reach up as far as possible attempting to touch or overlap the middle fingers of both hands.
If the fingertips touch then the score is zero.
If they do not touch, measure the distance between the finger tips (a negative score), if they overlap, measure by how much (a positive score).
Practice two times, and then test two times.
Stop the test if the subject experiences pain.

22. The asanas helpful for people suffering from diabetes are Katichakrasana, Pavanmuktasana, Bhujangasana, Shalbhasana, Dhanurasana, Supta – Vajrasana, Paschimottanasana, Ardha Matsyendrasana, Mandukasana, Gomukhasana, Yogamudra, Ushtrasana, Kapalabhati.

23. The four main causes of Knock knees are:
(i) The lack of balanced diet especially vitamin ’D’, calcium and phosphorus.
(ii) It may also be due to rickets.
(iii) Due to growth imbalance and weakness of leg muscles and joint ligaments.
(iv) Chronic illness, obesity, flat foot, scoliosis and carrying heavy weight in early age.

Food myths are nutritional concepts poorly justified or even contradict existing scientific evidence that individuals take as the truth. Some of the food myths include:
(a) Drinking water during meals, contributes to weight gain.
(b) Eating carbohydrates at night leads to an increase in weight gain.
(c) Cheese consumption is bad for memory.
(d) Drinking milk is bad for health.

Section-C

24.

Intramural Tournament	Extramural Tournament
Intramural competitions are organised by the schools, institutions or faculty of the institution.	Extramurals are being organised by either schools, institutions or associations.
It is played among the group of students of one school or institution.	The participants are from more than one organisation or school of institute.
In it a large number of students are known to each other.	In it most students are not known to each other.
Intramurals are campus competitions and played within the boundaries of an institution.	Extramurals are out of boundary competitions and may be played at any place where insfrastructure is available.

25. The procedure and contraindications of Shavasana are:

Procedure of Shavasana

Lie down flat on the back over the mat.
Keep the hands beside the body and spread them out with palms facing upward.
Spread the legs a little wide apart.
Allow all the body muscles to relax.
Breathe slowly and deeply. Focus the attention on abdomen and notice the slow and rhythmic abdominal breathing.
Stay in this position for a duration from 5 to 30 minutes. One should not fall asleep in the process.
Release the pose by slowly getting up.

Contraindication

People who are not advised to lie on back should avoid this pose.
One who is suffering with severe acidity may hurt himself/herself to lying on the back because food pipe may displease the body system.

26. Mind Map

27. Changes happening in the muscular system due to exercising are:

Change in Size and Shape of Muscle: Regular exercise helps in enlarging cells of muscles which in turn helps in changing size and shape of muscles.
Increase in the Strength of Muscles: A person who does exercise daily has stronger muscles and such muscles work more. These become stronger by getting more nutritious food in the form of oxygen.
Increase in Coordination: Regular exercise increases coordination in the muscles. These become stronger by doing exercise. As a result, a person does not feel fatigue even by working for a long time. If the muscles do not have co-ordination or have incomplete co-ordination then the working becomes impossible.
Entrance of Greater Quantity of Oxygen in the Body: Muscles have to do more work during exercise. The consumption of oxygen increases in the person who exercises. Thus, blood reaches quickly in the muscles.
Increase In Supply of Blood: Muscles obtain chemical substances like glycogene phoscoratine, potassium, etc. by doing routine exercise. These chemical substances improve the speed of blood.

28. The purpose and the procedure of the Continuous method of training are:

Purpose: The simplest form of training. This type of training is a good way to improve the aerobic energy system. Swimming, running and cycling are common examples of continuous training activities.
Procedure: As the name suggests, it involves training with no rest periods or recovery intervals. One needs to work for a minimum of 20 minutes to achieve some kind of benefit. As fitness improves, one will also be able to sustain a higher level of intensity. Start training at about 60% of maximum
heart rate (MHR) increasing to around 75%–80% as the level of fitness improves. Continuous training depletes carbohydrate storage. As the body needs an energy supply to keep working, it is forced into using fat supplies. This means that continuous training is a good way to burn fat and lose weight. Continuous training does not just mean running. Aerobics is a popular form of continuous training. It is usually performed to music and requires the performer to coordinate whole-body movements.

Eating a well-balanced meal before a competition helps give an athlete the essential vitamins and minerals needed in the diet but also gives the athlete energy in order to perform. All meals should have enough calories to cover the expended energy an athlete uses during the competition. However, most
of those calories should come from complex carbohydrates such as cereal, pasta, and potatoes. Basically eating a pre-event meal gives energy, prevents fatigue, decreases hunger pains, and provides hydration to the body. In combination with the pre-event meal, all athletes should properly hydrate their bodies with water several hours before the competition begins and continue through out the competition. The basics of pre-event meals are:

Meal should be eaten 2-4 hours before the competition begins.
Most energy comes from eating meals during this time frame.
Food needs 1-4 hours to fully digest and absorb into the body.
The bigger the meal the more time needed for digestion.
Optimally the pre-competition meal should consist of 500-1000 calories, which should come from a variety of food sources.
Foods should be high in carbohydrates and starch (easier for the body to breakdown and digest).
Liquid meals can be used 20-30 minutes before competition.
Liquids are easily digested by the stomach rather than solid foods.
Experiment with different foods and timing during the training phase.
Do drink lots of fluids especially water before competition to keep the body hydrated.
Do not eat a meal high in fat or protein (takes longer for the body to breakdown these two substances).
Do not drink carbonated or caffeinated drinks (may cause indigestion or stomach discomfort).
Caffeine is a diuretic, which causes the body to become dehydrated.
Eating sugary or simple sugars (candy, honey) before competition may hinder performance.
Avoid concession stand foods before competition, which are high in fat and take the body longer to digest causing stomach discomfort or nausea.

Pre-Competition Meal Example (3-4 hours before):

Fresh fruit and vegetables
Baked potato
A bagel, cereal with low-fat milk, low-fat yogurt
Sandwich with small amounts of peanut butter or lean meat
1-2 cups of cold water or sports drink

Section-D

29. (a) Strength
(b) Aerobic
(c) Fast
(d) Synergist

nervous system

30. (a) Controlling
(b) Planning
(c) Directing
(d) Establishing goals

Controlling

31. (a) To provide year-round sports training.
(b) “Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt.”
(c) “International Games for the Deaf”
(d) four

Section-E

32. Periodization refers broadly to training that is structured around periods of progressively-loaded training stress followed by rest. Most periodized training plans can be organized by macro-, meso-, and micro- cycles. The microcycle is generally up to 7 days. The mesocycle may be anywhere from 2 weeks to a few months and can further be classified into preparation, competition, peaking, and transition phases.
The macrocycle refers to the overall training period, usually representing a year.

Macrocycles: These are the big picture planning cycles. It’s made up of eight to twelve mesocycles consisting of four- to six-week blocks. They typically span a longer period of time, such as a year, before a competition. However, they can span longer periods, such as 4 years, for athletes competing in the Olympic games.
Mesocycles: These tend to be 4–6 week cycles within the macrocycle. These usually include a threeto five-week period of progressive loading, followed by a week of lighter, active-recovery workouts.
Each mesocycle will typically be focused on a specific fitness goal, like endurance, neuromuscular power, sprinting, etc.
Mesocycles: These tend to be 4–6 week cycles within the macrocycle. These usually include a threeto five-week period of progressive loading, followed by a week of lighter, active-recovery workouts. Each mesocycle will typically be focused on a specific fitness goal, like endurance, neuromuscular power, sprinting, etc.

33. Posture is the position of an individual's body while standing, sitting, walking, sleeping etc. There is no conform rigid standard of body positions. Deformity is the malformation of any component, body part or joint of the body. There are various postural deformities like Knock knees, Bow legs, Flat foot, Scoliosis, Lordosis and Kyphosis.

Kyphosis: Kyphosis is a forward rounding of upper back. Some rounding is normal but the term "Kyphosis" usually refers to and exaggerated rounding, more than 50 degrees. This deformity is also called round back or hunch back. It also leads to kyphosis cervical pain.
Lordosis: Lordosis is a postural deformity in which the lumbar spine bends infront beyond the normal level. Thus, abdomen is ahead of body and shoulders come outward and sideward.
Scoliosis: Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. If spine curves more than one time at different parts of spine it is called multiple scoliosis. Scoliosis causes one shoulder down and other is raised up. Body weight is shifted to sideward and it causes lot of pressure on one side of the foot.

Corrective measures for Scoliosis

Precautions of Scoliosis:

Never walk for long time with carrying weight in one hand.
Always stand in correct posture.
Use suitable furniture.
Balanced diet should be taken.
Study should be avoided in sideways bending position.

Exercises for Scoliosis:

Hold the horizontal bar with hands and let the body hang for some time.
Swim by using breast stoke technique.
Performing bending exercise in opposite side of the 'C' shaped curve.
Perform Trikonasana and Ardhchakrasana in opposite direction of the bend.

34. Levers in our body are formed from bones, joints and muscles.
A lever consists of:

a rigid structure (bone)
a force acting upon it (muscle) to produce a turning movement (angular motion)
a fulcrum which is a fixed point (joint)

There are three types of lever.

Motivation is an internal energy force that determines all aspects of our behaviour; it also impacts on how we think, feel and interact with others. High level of motivation can benefit the sporting performance. Motivation raises one up to achieve whatever one desires.

There are two fundamental sources of motivation ‒ intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.

Intrinsic motivation: Athletes perform tasks because they have the drive from within to do it. There are three types of intrinsic motivation, namely intrinsic motivation to know, intrinsic motivation to accomplish and intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation. Intrinsic motivation is considered
to be the healthiest type of motivation and reflects an athlete’s motivation to perform an activity simply because one loves to do it so. The reward is inherent in the activity itself.
Extrinsic motivation: Extrinsic motivation refers to athletic behaviour that is geared toward earning external rewards or to avoid punishment. The goal is focused on the outcome. It involves extended gain such as money, fame, power and avoiding consequences. Athletes participate in sport for motives such as external rewards (trophies, scholarships, media attention, accolades) or to avoid negative consequences (being benched, falling out of favour with coach, disapproval of parent).