The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe Class 10 Notes History Chapter 1

What are the rise of nationalism in europe?

Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms - duchies and cantons, having autonomous rule.
The Industrial Revolution emerged in England between 1820 and 1840.
After the decline of Napoleon, the European government adopted the ideals of conservation.
The Conservatism that dominated the European scene after 1815 gained support from Monarchy, Aristocracy and the Church.
The revolutionaries antagonised the conservative regimes and fought for liberty and freedom.
Giuseppe Mazzini formed 'Young Italy' for the purpose of uniting Italy.

During this phase, liberalism developed in full swing.
The classic statements of liberalism, 'the Declaration of Rights of Men and Citizens' surfaced.
Brussels and Greece saw the high noon of revolutionary movements.
Europe became the epicentre of cultural and political movements.
The 1830s represented the turbulent years of economic hardships as Hunger Hardship and Popular Revolt emerged.
This period marked the rise of constitutionalism and the process of national unifications.

	Eminent Thinkers/Professors and Writers	Contributions
(1)	Professor Ernest Renan	Delivered lecture on 'What is nation?' at the University of Sorbonne.
(2)	Professor Frederick List	Delivered lecture on Zollverein at the University of Tubingen.
(3)	Philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder	Claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among das volk (common people).
(4)	Pedagogue Karol Kurpinski	Popularised folk dances, polonaise and Mazurka and turned them into national symbols.
(5)	Writers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm	Contributed towards folk-tales and nation -buildings.
(6)	Liberal political thinker Carl Welcker	Defined liberty and equality for women.
(7)	Political activist, Louis Otto-Peters	Founded a women's journal and feminist political association.
(8)	English activist, Louis Otto-Peters	He supported the Greek war of independence as Greece was held to be the cradle of European civilisation and it saw the cascade of ancient literature.

	Leading Figures	Contributions
(1)	Napoleon Bonaparte	He was a French military and political pioneer who rose to eminence during the french Revolution.
(2)	Klemens Von Metternich	Metternich was the Austrian Chancellor who hosted the Vienna Congress, in 1815.
(3)	Giuseppe Mazzini	He was an Italian revolutionary who launched Young Italy in 1824 and Ypung Europe in Berne in 1834.
(4)	Louis Philippe	The liberal revolutionaries installed constitutional monarchy by toppling the Bourbon dynasty. Louise Philippe became the head of the constitutional monarchy.
(5)	Friedrich Wilhelm IV	He was the king of Prussia.
(6)	Friedrich Wilhelm IV	He was the king of Prussia.
(7)	Otto von Bismarck	He was the chief minister of Prussia and the German emperor at the Palace of Versailles.
(8)	Victor Emmanuel II	He was king of Sardinia from 1849 to 1861 and then the first king of Italy until 1878. He worked to free Italy from foreign control and becaome a central figure of the movement for Italian unification.