Oswal Practice Papers CBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions (Practice Paper - 8)
Section-A
- (c) Dandi
- (d) All of these
- (c) The Irish potato famine
- (c) IV, II, III, I
- (d) Sugarcane
- (c) Both national and state importance
- (d) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
- (a) Caste in politics always produces positive results.
- (d) When several parties in a multi-party system join for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power.
- (a) India
- (c) March 1930 – Salt March
- (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- (d) All of these
- (b) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)
- (a) Bank
- (d) Coal, Petroleum, Limestone, Natural gas
- (a) Fishing
- (d) Terms of credit
- (a) Central Government
- (c) Earnings
Section-B
21. In the late 19th century, the impact of technology on food availability was multifarious.
(i) Faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ships helped move food more cheaply and quickly from faraway farms to final markets.
(ii) Refrigerated ships enabled the transport of perishable foods over long distances.
22. (A)
| Ferrous Minerals | Non-Ferrous Minerals |
| (i) These minerals have iron content. | These minerals do not have iron content. |
| (ii) For example, iron ore, manganese, cobalt, etc. | For example, copper, lead, bauxite, etc. |
OR
(B)
| Conventional Sources of Energy | Non-Conventional Sources of Energy |
| (i) These are the traditional sources of energy such as, fossil fuels, firewood, cattle dung cake, etc. | These are the recently developed sources of energy such as, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, etc. |
| (ii) They are exhaustible. | They are non-exhaustible. |
| (iii) They pollute the environment on a large scale. | They are environment-friendly. |
23. Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. For example, in India, the jurisdictions of the respective levels of government are specified in the Constitution.
24. The two common developmental goals of the people are:
(i) Freedom and security
(ii) Better living conditions
Section-C
25. The major factors are:
(i) Availability of raw material: Iron ore, cooking coal and lime stone are required in the ratio of approximately 4: 2: 1. All these materials are available in the Chota Nagpur Plateau region.
(ii) Availability of water: Water is provided by Damodar River and its tributaries, which is a perennial source of water.
(iii) Cheap labour: High density of population provides large and cheap labour force.
26. (A) In 1919, Mahatma Gandhi aimed to initiate a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed nefarious Rowlatt Act (1919). The citizens of India vehemently protested against the Black Act. Nevertheless, the Act was passed and it empowered the government to subdue political activities.
(i) On 6th April, 1919, Gandhiji started a nationwide Satyagraha that garnered huge response. People from various cities supported the movement.
(ii) Most of the leaders were selected from Amritsar. Gandhiji was prevented from entering Delhi.
(iii) The colonial government detained the political prisoners without trial for two years.
OR
(B) The Non-Cooperation Movement initiated with the participation of the middle class stratum in cities and gained momentum. In the cities, the pace of movement subsequently slowed down. The few reasons are enumerated as follows:
(i) Khadi cloth was relatively more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth. As a matter of fact, poor people could not afford to buy it.
(ii) The boycott of British institutions posed a serious problem as substitute Indian institutions were unavailable.
(iii) Students and teachers began to take positions in colonial government schools. At the same time, lawyers resumed their work in government courts.
27. Panchayati Raj is a system of governance in which Gram Panchayats are the basic unit of administration.
(i) Gram Panchayat is a council consisting of several ward members known as Panch and a Sarpanch.
They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or village.
(ii) This feature of Gram Panchayat is very significant. People in a particular village elect their representatives who are very much acquainted or familiar with the local issues.
(iii) Thus, they can solve the problem of people easily and effectively. This is the feature which I liked the most in our country of the panchayati Raj.
28. The difficulties faced by a borrower when a loan is taken from an informal source are:
(i) Compared to the formal money lenders, most of the informal money lenders charge a much higher interest rate on loans. The cost to the borrower of informal loans is much higher.
(ii) The higher cost of borrowing means a larger part of the earnings of the borrowers is used to repay the loan as a result borrowers have less income left with them. This can lead to an increasing debt and debt trap.
(iii) People who might wish to start an enterprise by borrowing may not do so because of the high cost of borrowing.28. The difficulties faced by a borrower when a loan is taken from an informal source are:
29. The main criterion used by World Bank to classify different countries is the per capita income of the countries. The countries above a certain level of per capita income are considered as rich countries while the countries below that level are considered poor countries.
These are two limitations with this criterion:
(i) Firstly, it is very much influenced by the extreme upper and lower values and fails to represent the level of equality of income.
(ii) Secondly, it does not represent the other indicators of quality of life like level of health and education.
Section-D
30. (A) The factors that led to the rise of Nationalism in Europe are:
(i) The decline of Feudalism: Feudal lords were a disruption in the way of the rising nationalism feelings among the people. But the wars and crusades weakened them.
(ii) The weakness of Papacy and the Roman Empire: The reformation and renaissance movements led to the awakening of the people and weakened authority of the Holy Roman Empire and the Pope.
As a result, national states and national churches were established in many countries.
(iii) Foreign Rule: Foreign rule also played a significant part in the growth of nationalism in certain countries.
(iv) The reaction against Injustice: The reactions against the rule of unjust monarchs gave rise to the feeling of nationalism.
(v) Contribution of great writers: The writings of politicians, great poets and philosophers like J.S. Mill, Machiavelli, Garibaldi, Fitch, Mazzini, etc., contributed strongly in rousing national spirit and
political consciousness among the people.
OR
(B) The perspectives of the journalist Wilhelm Wolff are as follows:
(i) The main reason behind the Silesian weaver’s uprising was lower payment for the accomplishment of job.
(ii) Contractor who manufactured raw materials and procured finished textiles from the weavers paid less money for the service of the weavers.
(iii) The weavers were tortured mercilessly if they asked for their dues. This resulted in logical agitation and uprising by the weavers against the contractor.
(iv) The perspective of the journalist Wilhelm Wolff, was that the hardship of the workers was colossus and the contractor made their lives infernal. In this context, the viewpoint of journalist was apposite and logical.
31. (A) Water is the basic need of the people. It is a natural resource needed by every living being on the globe. It is limited and necessary to conserve it.
Reasons to conserve water can be explained as follows:
(i) Water resources in India are limited and our population is increasing day by day so the water requirement is also increasing day by day.
(ii) Availability of water in our country is uneven, so it is necessary to make it available to all.
(iii) Water resources are being polluted day by day, especially in the urban areas and are not suitable for drinking purpose.
(iv) It is necessary to conserve water to make it available to all for the continuation of our livelihood and to save our ecosystem as well as human beings.
Measures to Conserve Water Resources:
(i) Save water, avoid water wastage in domestic as well as at all other levels.
(ii) Recharge ground water by using rain water harvesting etc.
(iii) Use drip irrigation and sprinklers methods to irrigate the fields.
OR
(B) (i) A well-developed irrigation facility reduces the dependence of farmers on monsoons and ensures regular supply of water.
(ii) It ensures installation of tube wells, pumps in the farm lands that enable the farmer to irrigate large portions of land more effectively.
(iii) It also facilitates the construction of dams that help in generating electricity.
(iv) Better irrigation has contributed in the increased production of maize in states like Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and multicropping has also become possible due to irrigation.
(v) Water intensive cropping is now done in places like Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh region of Rajasthan where the Indira Gandhi canal has facilitated easier and better irrigation.
32. (A) The difference between vertical division of power-sharing and horizontal division of power-sharing.
| S.No. | Vertical Division of Power-sharing | Horizontal Division of Power-sharing |
| (i) | In the vertical division of power-sharing, power is divided among the different levels of the government like the State government,Union government and Lower levels. | In the horizontal division of power, the power is shared between different organs of the government like Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. |
| (ii) | Different levels of government exercise power. | Different organs of the government exercise power. |
| (iii) | There is no specification of the system of checks and balance. | It specifies the concept of checks and balance. |
| (iv) | It ensures the concept of deepening of democracy. | It ensures the concept of the expansion of democracy. |
| (v) | State government, Central government and Panchayati Raj are examples of the vertical division of power-sharing. | For examples: Executive, Legislature and Judiciary are the organs of the Government of India. |
OR
(B) The advantages of horizontal power sharing are enumerated as follows:
(i) The power that is shared among different organs of government is known as horizontal power sharing.
(ii) Horizontal power sharing places all the organs of the government i.e., legislature, executive and judiciary at an identical level.
(iii) Under this type of power sharing, no organs will exercise unlimited powers.
(iv) This method is also known as the system of checks and balances.
(v) For instance in India, ministers and government officials exercise power. At the same time, they are accountable to the Parliament or State Assemblies. Similarly, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures.
33. (A) It is a situation in which more workers are working in an activity than required. The people who are actually engaged in such activity appear to be employed but are not fully employed. For example, if for the cultivation of one-hectare land, 10 workers are required, but instead of 10 workers, 15 workers are working. In this case, 5 workers are disguised unemployed. In such cases, even if the surplus workers are removed, the production will not suffer. This type of unemployment is basically found in agriculture and can also be called underemployment because workers perform below their productivity level.
OR
(B) Unemployment is a very serious problem which is being faced by India since the advent of the British and especially since independence. The government has to take many effective steps to increase the employment in the country. Following are the various steps which can be taken by the
government to increase employment:
(i) The government may provide cheap credit facilities to the people so that they can buy necessary equipment for their occupation. The farmers may build wells or tube-wells, buy tractors or other equipment for farming. They may also purchase better seeds, fertilisers and other nutrients for the
agriculture. These all are employment generating effects.
(ii) The government may build better infrastructure in terms of transportation, electricity and communication etc. This will help in better and assured production and easier movement of goods from one place to another. This encourages the farmers and producers to expand the market for their products.
(iii) The government must identify the potential industries in rural areas which may utilise the agricultural crops produced there and invite the entrepreneurs to start such industries there.
(iv) Government may improve irrigation facilities so that farmers may harvest two or three crops in a year. This will increase employment.
(v) Government may initiate some more employment programmes which require mental work rather than physical work like elder education programme etc.
Section-E
34.1 The earliest print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea.
34.2 The books in China were printed by rubbing paper against the inked surface of woodblocks.
34.3 China had a large bureaucratic system in which the recruitment was made through the medium of civil service examinations. For this examination, textbooks were printed in large numbers. From the 16th century, the number of examination candidates increased and that raised the demand of printed textbooks.
35.1 To obtain higher production with the help of high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation.
35.2 (i) Crops are grown specifically for sale in the market.
(i) Higher doses of modern inputs are used in order to obtain higher productivity. (Any one)
35.3 In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. Tea, coffee, rubber, banana, sugarcane, etc. are important plantation crops in India.
36.1 Democracy ensures equal distribution of goods, income and opportunities. A democratic government always tries to reduce poverty ratio and works for welfare of people.
36.2 (i) In a democracy, the majority needs to work with minority so that the government functions to represent the general view.
(ii) Every citizen has a chance of being in majority at some point of time.
Section-F
37.
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