NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter Brief

In the continuation of class 11 Biology, the class 12 Biology chapters list has 13 chapters. The Class 12 NCERT Biology starts with the 6th unit which is designed by NCERT experts for higher secondary students. The 13 chapters in class 12 Biology are covered in 4 units under topics like Reproduction, Genetics & Evolution, Biology in Human Welfare, Biotechnology, and Ecology. There are a total of 10 units that have been segregated for class 11 and 12 students. The class 12 Biology NCERT solutions by Oswal Publishers will help students plan their academic year and ace their studies. The new format of Bio class 12 has been designed as per the National Education Policy (NEP 2020), which focuses on the holistic growth of a student. The NCERT 12 Biology solutions are based on the NCERT syllabus and the chapters that are mentioned below:

Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Reproduction is a natural process. It is part of our evolution and lets species grow and multiply. The Sexual Reproduction unit of 12 Bio NCERT chapters begins with a chapter on the reproduction process of flowering plants. The class 12 Biology NCERT solutions would help students understand the morphology, structure and process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. The class 12 chapter in Biology will give an insight into the reproduction process, pre-fertilisation, double fertilisation, post-fertilisation and Apomixis & Polyembryony.

Chapter 2: Human Reproduction

The birth of a child seems normal, but it is quite a complex procedure. The reproductive organs in males and females are very different, and the reproduction process needs to be learnt in-depth to understand the whole cycle. Chapters in Biology Class 12 are meant to strengthen the base of a student in the subject. The second chapter entails the study of The Male Reproductive System, Female Reproductive System, Gametogenesis, Menstrual Cycle, Fertilisation and Implantation, Pregnancy & Embryonic Development, and Parturition and Lactation.

Chapter 3: Reproductive Health

In the third chapter of class 12 NCERT Biology, the focus is not just on the healthy reproductive organs but also on their emotional and social aspects. Per the WHO guidelines, reproductive health plays a crucial role in a person's physical, emotional, behavioural and social well-being. The chapter draws a child's attention towards the overall well-being concerning sex-related aspects. The topics covered in this chapter of class 12 Biology are Reproductive health problems and Strategies; Population Explosion and Birth Control; Medical Termination of Pregnancy; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Infertility. The content in the NCERT Biology textbook also focuses on the importance of safe sex and offers an introduction to specialised topics like IVF, Birth Control, AIDS, Abortion and more.

Chapter 4: Principled of Inheritance and Variation

Chapter 4 of NCERT class 12 Biology further delves into the complex structure of DNA, genetics and the concept of inheritance. Flowers, plants, animals, humans, and every living species reproduce and pass on their genetics with a complex DNA structure. Genetics keep on evolving with time. This chapter will throw light on various related topics. It would involve the study of Mendel's Laws of Inheritance, Inheritance of One Gene, Inheritance of Two Genes, Sex Determination, Mutation and Genetic Disorders.

Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

DNA is known to be the most abundant genetic material. This chapter further explains the importance of DNA and its relation to RNA. Chapter 5 of class 12 Biology talks about the structure of DNA, its replication, the process of making RNA from DNA, the genetic code that determines the sequences of amino acids in proteins, the process of protein synthesis (translation) and the elementary basis of their regulation. The topics covered include DNA, The Search for Genetic Material, RNA World, Replication, Transcription, Genetic Code, Translation, Regulation of Gene Expression, Human Genome Project and DNA Fingerprinting.

Chapter 6: Evolution

Chapter 6 in 12 class Biology chapters begins with the introduction to the origin of life. The aim is to understand the concept of evolution, including the whole flora and fauna of the earth. The process of earth's evolution is described in easy and simple language with the help of various theories like Lamarckism, Darwinism, and Neo-Darwinism and evidence that we can are there to support these theories. The topics covered include Origin of Life; Evolution of Life Forms-A Theory; What are the Evidences for Evolution, what is Adaptive Radiation, Biological Evolution, Mechanism of Evolution, Hardy-Weinberg Principle, A Brief Account of Evolution, and Origin and Evolution of Man.

Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease

As we evolved, so did many health issues. With evolution, however, humans overcame most of the health challenges. NCERT 12 Biology solutions are designed for students to support them in their academic journey and give them a glimpse of NCERT questions & answers they might get in their exams. For Chapter 7 of NCERT 12 Biology, the NCERT solutions cover topics like Common Diseases in Humans, Immunity, AIDS, Cancer, Drugs and Alcohol Abuse.

Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare

Chapter 8 of class 12 Biology NCERT revolves around the tiny microbes around us. Students will cover topics like Microbes in Households; Microbes in Industrial Products; Microbes in Sewage Treatment; Microbes in Biogas; Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, and Microbes as Biofertilisers.

Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Going further with the concepts of Biology, Chapter 9 of class 12 Biology NCERT chapters deals with the Biotechnology of living organisms. The chapter takes students into the depth of principles of Biotechnology, Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology, and Processes of Recombinant.

Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Application

Chapters in the Biology class 12 textbook are set up to allow students to explore the vast field of Biology. Biotechnology refers to producing biopharmaceuticals and biologicals using genetically modified crops, food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production. The topics covered in this chapter include Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture, Biotechnological Applications in Medicine, transgenic animals and Ethical Issues.

Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations

The last unit in the NCERT class 12 Biology deals with ecology. The field covers the whole ecosystem, including organisms, populations, communities and biomes. This chapter will answer all questions of students regarding the Whys and Hows of our ecology.

Chapter 12: Ecosystem

Chapter 12 of the class 12 NCERT Biology would cover topics like ecosystem structure and Function; Productivity; Decomposition; Energy Flow; and Ecological Pyramids. There would be a focus on understanding the complexity of our ecosystem and making it simple for students with the easy language and simplification of concepts.

Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation

Though we have not found any other planet with life on it, the rich variety of species inhabiting the earth is remarkable. There are more than 8 million species on earth, and we have not explored all as yet. Chapter 13 of NCERT explores the whole biodiversity and the ways to conserve it.