CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25

CBSE has released the Latest Updated Syllabus for the New Academic Session 2024-25 on March 23rd, 2024, for class 12.

CBSE Board has released the latest Class 12 Biology syllabus which is to be strictly followed. Below please find our detailed analysis of Board Paper pattern, Unit-wise summary for the New Session 2024-25.

We have also updated Oswal Gurukul Books as per the Latest Paper Pattern prescribed by Board for Biology Curriculum.

Students can directly access the CBSE Biology Syllabus for Class 12 of the academic year 2024-25 by clicking on the link below.

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Table Of Contents−

▪ CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25

CBSE Class 12 Biology Latest Syllabus 2024-25

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Units	Title	Marks
6	Reproduction	16
7	Genetics and Evolution	20
8	Biology and Human Welfare	12
9	Biotechnology and its Applications	12
10	Ecology and Environment	10
	Total	70

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25: Unit-wise Summary

Unit-VI Reproduction

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy;
elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Chapter-7: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.

Unit-IX Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Applications
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

Unit-X Ecology and Environment

Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations)

Chapter-14: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles).

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Evaluation Scheme for Examination

Evaluation Scheme	Marks
One Major Experiment 5	5
One Minor Experiment 2 & 3	4
Slide Preparation 1 & 4	5
Spotting	7
Practical Record + Viva Voce (Credit to the students’ work over	4
Investigatory Project and its Project Record + Viva Voce the academic session may be given)	5
Total	30 Marks

CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper Design 2024-25

Competencies
Demonstrate Knowledge and Understanding	50%
Application of Knowledge / Concepts	30%
Analyse, Evaluate and Create	20%

Note:

Typology of questions: VSA including MCQs, Assertion – Reasoning type questions; SA; LA- I; LA-II; Source-based/ Case-based/ Passage-based/ Integrated assessment questions.
An internal choice of approximately 33% would be provided.

Suggestive verbs for various competencies

Demonstrate, Knowledge and Understanding
State, name, list, identify, define, suggest, describe, outline, summarize, etc.
Application of Knowledge/Concepts
Calculate, illustrate, show, adapt, explain, distinguish, etc.
Analyze, Evaluate and Create
Interpret, analyse, compare, contrast, examine, evaluate, discuss, construct, etc.

The Changes for Class 12 (2024-25) Year-end Board Examinations are as under:

(Class-12)
Periodic Assessment	Academic Session 2023-24	Academic Session 2024-25
Composition of question paper for year-end examination/ Board Examination (Theory)	Competency Focused Questions in the form of MCQs/ Case Based Questions, Source-based Integrated Questions or any other type = 40% Select response type questions (MCQ) = 20% Constructed response questions (Short Answer Questions/Long Answer type Questions, as per existing pattern) = 40%	Competency Focused Questions in the form of MCQs/ Case Based Questions, Source-based Integrated Questions or any other type = 50% Select response type questions (MCQ) = 20% Constructed response questions (Short Answer Questions/Long Answer type Questions, as per existing pattern) = 30%