CBSE Class 12 Sociology Syllabus 2026-27

CBSE released the Class 12 Sociology syllabus for the academic session 2026-27 on April 1, 2026. Students must follow this syllabus for the CBSE Board Exam.

This page provides a complete overview of the CBSE Sociology syllabus. It includes unit-wise topics such as Indian Society and Social Change and Development. It also explains the exam pattern, marking scheme, and chapter-wise structure based on the NCERT curriculum.

Students can use this syllabus to identify important topics, plan their study, and improve exam performance.

You can download the CBSE Class 12 Sociology syllabus 2026-27 PDF from the link given below.

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Table Of Contents−
CBSE Class 12 MLQB

CBSE Class 12 Sociology Latest Syllabus 2026-27

Units     Marks
A Indian Society  
  1. Introducing Indian Society Non- evaluative
  2.The Demographic Structure of Indian Society 10
  3. Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 10
  5. Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion 10
  6. The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 10
  7. Suggestions for Project Work Non- evaluative
    40
B Social Change and Development in India  
  8. Structural Change 5
  9. Cultural Change 5
  11.Change and Development in Rural Society 10
  12. Change and Development in Industrial Society 10
  15. Social Movements 10
    40
Total 80

CBSE Class 12 Sociology Syllabus 2026-27: Unit-wise Summary

A. Indian Society 40 Marks
Unit 1 Introducing Indian Society
  • Colonialism, Nationalism, Class and Community (Nonevaluative)
Unit 2 The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society
  • Theories and concepts in demography
  • Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions
  • Population Policy in India
Unit 3 Social Institutions: Continuity and Change
  • Caste and the Caste System
  • Tribal Communities
  • Family and Kinship
Unit 5 Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion
  • Social Inequality and Social Exclusion
  • Systems justifying and perpetuating Inequality - Caste, Tribe, the Other Backward Classes
  • Adivasi Struggles
  • The Struggle for Women’s Equality and Rights
  • The struggles of the Differently Abled
Unit 6 The Challenges of Cultural Diversity
  • Cultural communities and the nation state
  • Regionalism in the Indian context
  • The Nation state and religion related issues and identities
  • Communalism, secularism and the nation state
  • State and Civil Society
Unit 7 Suggestions for Project Work
B. Social Change And Development In India
Unit 8 Structural Change
  • Understanding Colonialism, Industrialization, Urbanization
Unit 9 Cultural Change
  • Social Reform Movements
  • Different Kinds of Social Change: Sanskritisation, Westernization, Modernization, Secularization
Unit 11 Change and Development in Rural Society
  • Agrarian Structure : Caste & class in Rural India
  • Land Reforms, Green Revolution and Emerging Agrarian society
  • Green revolution and its social consequences
  • Transformation in Rural Society
  • Circulation of labour
  • Globalization, Liberalization and Rural Society
Unit 12 Change and Development in Industrial Society
  • From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization
  • How people find Jobs
  • Work Processes: How work is carried out, working conditions, home based work, Strikes and Unions
Unit 15 Social Movements
  • Concept of Social Movements
  • Theories and Classification of Social Movements
  • Environmental Movements
  • Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants
  • Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward Class/Castes, Trends in Upper Caste Responses
  • Tribal Movements
  • Women’s Movements in Independent India

Project Work

Periods: 40

Max. Marks: 20

C. Project undertaken during the academic year at school level

    1. Introduction -2 Marks
    2. Statement of Purpose – 2 Marks
    3. Research Question – 2 Marks
    4. Methodology – 3 Marks
    5. Data Analysis – 4 Marks
    6. Conclusion – 2 Marks

15 Marks

D. Viva – based on the project work

05 Marks

CBSE Class 12 Sociology Question Paper Design 2026-27

S.No. Competencies Total Marks Weight age (%)
1 Knowledge & understanding Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas 30 37.5%
2 Application of Knowledge and Concepts Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way. Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations
Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria. 		32 40%
3 Formulate, Analyse , Evaluate & Create Compile information together in a different way by Combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions. 18 22.5%
Total 80 100%

Project Work: 20 Marks

One Project to be done throughout the session, as per the existing scheme.

1. Steps involved in the conduct of the project: Students may work upon the following lines as a suggested flow chart:

Steps involved

2. Expected Checklist for the Project Work:

  • Introduction of topic/title
  • Identifying the causes, events, consequences and/or remedies
  • Various stakeholders and effect on each of them
  • Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified
  • Short-term and long-term implications of strategies suggested during research
  • Validity, reliability, appropriateness, and relevance of data used for research work
    and for presentation in the project file
  • Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in project file
  • Citation of the materials referred to, in the file in footnotes, resources section, bibliography etc.

3. Assessment of Project Work:

  • Project Work has broadly the following phases: Synopsis/ Initiation, Data Collection, Data Analysis and Interpretation, Conclusion.
  • The aspects of the project work to be covered by students can be assessed
    during the academic year.
  • 20 marks assigned for Project Work can be divided in the following manner:

4. Viva-Voce

  • At the end, each learner will present the research work in the Project File to the External and Internal examiner.
  • The questions should be asked from the Research Work/ Project File of the learner.
  • The Internal Examiner should ensure that the study submitted by the learner is his/her own original work.
  • In case of any doubt, authenticity should be checked and verified.

PROJECT WORK: 20 MARKS

The teacher will assess the progress of the project work in the following manner:

Month Periodic Work Assessment Rubrics Marks
April - July Instructions about Project Guidelines, Background reading, Discussions on Theme and Selection of the Final Topic, Initiation/Synopsis Introduction, Statement of Purpose/Need and objectives of the study, Hypothesis/Research Question, Review of Literature, Presentation of Evidence, Methodology, Questionnaire, Data Collection. 5
August - October Planning and organization: forming an action plan, feasibility, or baseline study, Updating/modifying the action plan, Data Collection Significance and relevance of the topic; challenges encountered while conducting the research. 6
November - January Content/data analysis and interpretation.
Conclusion, Limitations, Suggestions, bibliography,
Annexures and overall presentation of the project. 		Content analysis and its relevance in the current scenario.
Conclusion, Limitations, Bibliography, Annexures and Overall Presentation. 		5
January - February Final Assessment and VIVA by both Internal and External Examiners External/Internal Viva based on the project 4
TOTAL 20

The Changes for Class 12 (2026-27) Year-end Board Examinations are as under:

(Class-12)
Periodic Assessment Academic Session 2024-25 Academic Session 2025-26
Composition of question paper for year-end examination/ Board Examination (Theory)
  • Competency Focused Questions in the form of MCQs/ Case Based Questions, Source-based Integrated Questions or any other type = 50%
  • Select response type questions (MCQ) = 20%
  • Constructed response questions (Short Answer Questions/Long Answer type Questions, as per existing pattern) = 30%
  • Competency Focused Questions in the form of MCQs/ Case Based Questions, Source-based Integrated Questions or any other type = 50%
  • Select response type questions (MCQ) = 20%
  • Constructed response questions (Short Answer Questions/Long Answer type Questions, as per existing pattern) = 30%

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