Data – Its Source and Compilation Class 12 Notes Geography Chapter 1 CBSE

Chapter : 1

What Are Data-its Source And Compilation ?

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Part C - Practical Geography

Data refers to the numerical and quantitative measurements of geographic occurrences, human activities, and their interrelationships. In other terms, datum refers to quantitative data. As a result, data is sometimes referred to as quantitative information. Numbers from the actual world determine the measurement.
It is easy to see that there is a large amount of data available today worldwide. However, if the data is in its raw form, it might be difficult to draw logical inferences from it. As a result, it’s critical to guarantee that the measured data is algorithmically produced, logically reasoned, and statistically estimated from a variety of
sources.
Statistical approaches play a vital part in practically all disciplines that employ data, including geography, in terms of analysis, presentation, and concluding.
The data are collected in the following ways. These are: (i) Primary Sources (ii) Secondary Sources.
Primary data sources are those that are acquired for the first time by a person or a group of individuals, institutions, or organisations.
Secondary sources are data acquired from any public or unpublished source.
Absolute data, often known as raw data, is data provided in its native form as numbers. For example, a country’s or state’s total population, a crop’s or manufacturing industry’s total production, and so on.
Percentage/Ratio: Data is sometimes summarised as a ratio or proportion based on common criteria, such as literacy rate or population growth rate, percentage of agricultural or industrial output, and so on.
An index number is a statistical metric that depicts changes in a variable or a collection of related variables through time, space, or other qualities.
Inclusive Method: The higher limit of one class is not the lower limit of the following class in this procedure.
In the class interval, it comprises both the bottom and upper limits.
Simple Frequencies: It is denoted by the letter ‘f’ and represents the number of people who belong to each category.
Exclusive Method: In this method, a class’s higher limit is the lower limit of the following class. The class interval does not include an upper limit.
Cumulative Frequencies: This is denoted by the letter’ Cf, and it is calculated by summing the sums of successive simple frequencies in each group.
Frequency Polygon: The frequency polygon is a graph showing frequency distribution. It aids in the comparison of two or more frequency distributions. A bar diagram and a line graph are used to depict the two frequencies.
Ogive: Cumulative frequencies are created when frequencies are put together, and they’re listed in a table called the cumulative frequency table. An Ogive is a curve created by cumulative graphing frequencies. It may be built using either the less than or more than technique.