NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

Class 12th Chemistry Chapters are divided into two parts in 16 units. The Chemistry curriculum is designed to develop an interest in students towards Chemistry as a subject. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has modified NCERT content. CBSE Class 12 Chemistry has also been curated with a lot of precision to reduce the content load on students. However, the proper focus has been given to each fundamental topic in Chem Class 12. The Class 12 Solutions for Chemistry gives insight into the formulas and equations you will be solving in the coming academic year. The Chemistry Class 12 NCERT Solutions are based on the Class 12th Chemistry chapters:

Chapter 1: Solid State

The first chapter of the 12th chemistry is based on the classification of solid based on different binding forces, including molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. The chemistry intext questions in class 12 will be based on describing general characteristics of solid state, classifying crystalline solids based on the nature of binding forces and more.

Chapter 2: Solutions

The second chapter in chemistry class 12 helps students understand different types of solutions while expressing the concentration of a solution in different units. The unit majorly covers the liquid solutions and their formation. Other topics include types of solutions and various alternatives in which concentrations of a solute can be expressed in liquid solution.

Chapter 3: Electrochemistry

Chapter 3 of Chemistry Class 12 involves the study of the production of electricity from the energy released during spontaneous chemical reactions and its use in bringing non-spontaneous chemical transformations. There will be many practical experiments that will be involved here. The topics covered in this chapter include Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell - electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, fuel cells, corrosion.

Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics

This chapter on Chemical Kinetics will give insight into the average and instantaneous rate of reaction and the factors affecting the same. The NCERT book also covers the collision theory of reaction rates. The other topics that are explained include Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions); the concept of collision theory and more.

Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry 

Chapter 5 of NCERT Chemistry Class 12 gives details about Adsorption: Physisorption and Chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids; catalysis: homogenous and heterogenous; activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis; colloidal state: the distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsions - types of emulsions.

Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

The field of Chemistry is ever-evolving. Its study helps in some wonderful inventions for mankind. NCERT exercises in the class 12 chemistry book offer a chance to strengthen their preparation with the intext questions. This chapter gives an in-depth glimpse of the Principles and methods of extraction, including concentration, oxidation, reduction, electrolytic method and refining, occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc, and iron.

Chapter 7: p-Block Elements

This chapter throws light on four groups, including Group 15 elements, Group 16 elements, Group 17 elements and Group 18 elements. The content highlights the brief introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, and physical and chemical properties trends of these groups.

Chapter 8: d and f Block Elements

This chapter on the d and f Block Elements deals with the electronic configuration, occurrence and general characteristics of transition elements with special emphasis on the trends in the properties of the first row (3d) transition metals along with the preparation and properties of some important compounds. Other topics that are covered include metallic character, ionisation enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, and alloy formation. Students will also study Lanthanoids and Actionoids.

Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds

The chapter further delves into the arena of complex compounds through Coordination Compounds. The NCERT class 12 Chemistry textbook offers new concepts of chemical bonding and molecular structure while understanding the functioning of coordination compounds as vital components of biological systems. The content tries to give an in-depth analysis of coordination compounds with topics including introduction, ligand, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding; isomerism, the importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems).

Chapter 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 

Chapter 10 of NCERT class 12 Chemistry covers important methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties and uses of organohalogen compounds. It will help class 12 students understand various concepts of class 12 Chemistry, including naming haloalkanes and haloarenes (according to the IUPAC nomenclature system from their given structure); describing various haloalkanes reactions; comprehending the reaction mechanism; highlighting environmental effects of poly halogen compounds and more.

Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

The Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers chapter in class 12 Chemistry delves into these three classes of compounds. The chapter will highlight the nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration and uses.

Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

After the students are well-informed about the organic compounds with functional groups containing carbon-oxygen single bonds, this chapter gives them an insight into the organic compounds containing carbon-oxygen double bonds (>C=O) called the carbonyl group. It is the most important functional group in organic chemistry.

Chapter 13: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Ensuring that the concepts are easy to understand, NCERT has ensured easy language while putting together the content for the NCERT class 12 Chemistry class. This chapter helps students figure out the Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen, namely Amines, Cyanides & Isocyanides and Diazonium Salts. The content includes nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. There will also be a focus on preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Chapter 14: Biomolecules 

Chapter 14 of the Class 12 NCERT Chemistry consists of three major topics, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, and Nucleic Acids. These topics would cover classification, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and their importance.

Chapter 15: Polymers

Chemistry Class 12 NCERT Solutions are curated by experts to support students in their preparations. Each chapter has been covered in the class 12 chemistry solutions for easy understanding of the concepts. Chapter 15 of the NCERT Chemistry class 12 goes into the classification and describes Natural and synthetic methods of polymerisation (addition and condensation) and copolymerisation. Some important polymers: are natural and synthetic, like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, and rubber.

Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life

The last chapter in the NCERT chemistry class 12 throws light on the many things that are part of our everyday life and are chemicals. If you look around, normal things like soap, detergents, toothpaste, and medicines are all chemicals. All these things become excellent examples of chemical bonding when we study Chemistry. Students will learn about Chemicals in Medicines, Chemicals in food, and Cleansing agents.