NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Political Science

Part B: Politics in India Since Independence

Chapter 1: Challenges of Nation-Building

Rome was not built in a day and it took a considerable time for India to reach where it is today. Class 12 Political Science book makes students aware of the various challenges that we as a nation had to face and how we overcame each with flying colours. The first Chapter of Part B throws light on the challenges India faced as a new nation on the world map. Political Science class 12-chapter 1 question answers that are curated by subject matter experts in class 12 Political Science NCERT solutions covers the following topics;

• • Challenges for the new Nation
  • Three Challenges (Partition: Displacement and Rehabilitation)
  • Consequences of Partition (Integration of Princely states)
  • The Problem
  • Government’s approach
  • Hyderabad
  • Manipur
  • Reorganisation of States

Chapter 2: Era of One-Party Dominance

India as an independent nation started with one major political party, Congress. For years, the Congress party dominated the political scenario in the country. Chapter 2 of Political Science class 12 gives details of the challenges that were faced in developing a nation that faced many challenges. Class 12 Political Science NCERT solutions covers essential topics from Chapter 2 that are;

• • Challenges of building democracy
  • Congress dominance in the first three general elections
  • Nature of congress dominance
  • Congress as social and ideological coalition
  • Tolerance and management of Factions
  • Emergence of opposition parties

Chapter 3: Politics of Planned Development

A nation needs strong economic conditions to flourish. At the time of Independence, India had many challenges that were tackled with precise planning and foresightedness. Chapter 3 of class 12 Political Science NCERT solutions helps you in attempting Political Science question answer class 12 from this chapter. The topics include;

• • Political contestation
  • Ideas of Development
  • Planning
  • Planning Commission
  • The early initiatives
  • The first Five Year Plan
  • Rapid Industrialisation

Chapter 4: India’s External Relations

It was a difficult time in terms of world dynamics when India got its independence. The world was just recovering from a disastrous war and there were conflicts all around. India had to maintain its relations with other countries without hampering its security. Chapter 4 of NCERT class 12 Political Science solutions help students in understanding all the topics with an in-depth analysis. The topics that are covered include;

• • International Context
  • The Policy of Non-Alignment
  • Nehru’s role
  • Distance from two camps
  • Afro-Asian Unity
  • Peace and conflict with China
  • The Chinese Invasion 1962
  • War and peace with Pakistan
  • Bangladesh War 1971
  • India’s Nuclear Policy

Chapter 5: Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System

The Indian political scenario has seen many changes since Independence. Chapter 5 class 12 Political Science book lets students explore the political transitions India has witnessed and analyse new policies and ideologies. Class 12 Political Science NCERT solutions covers the following topics in this chapter;

• • Challenges of Political Succession
  • From Nehru to Shastri
  • From Shastri to Indira Gandhi
  • Fourth General Election 1967
  • Context of the Election
  • Non congressism
  • Electoral Verdict
  • Coalitions
  • Defections
  • Split in the Congress
  • Indira vs the Syndicate
  • Presidential Election 1969
  • The 1971 Election and Restoration of Congress
  • The outcome and after
  • Restoration

Chapter 6: The Crisis of Democratic Order

As India grew as a nation, so did its challenges. The time of emergency put many challenges to democracy. Chapter 6 of NCERT Political Science gives a glimpse of emergency and many consequences. The topics covered in this chapter include;

• • Background to emergency
  • Economic context
  • Gujarat and Bihar movements
  • Conflict with Judiciary
  • Declaration of emergency
  • Crisis and response
  • Consequences
  • Lessons of the emergency
  • Politics after emergency
  • Lok sabha elections 1977
  • Janata government
  • Legacy

Chapter 7: Regional Aspirations

Nation building is not an easy task. There are a lot of complexities that a state leader has to manage. Chapter 7 of 12th Political Science deals with various factors that were responsible for arising regional aspirations and the challenges it posed. Political Science question answer class 12 in the class 12 Political Science NCERT solutions covers topics including;

• • Region and the Nation
  • Indian Approach
  • Areas of Tension
  • Jammu and Kashmir
  • Roots of the problem
  • External and Internal disputes
  • Politics since 1948
  • Insurgency and after
  • 2022 and beyond
  • Punjab
  • Political context
  • Cycle of violence
  • Road to peace
  • The Northeast
  • The Northeast
  • Secessionist movements
  • Movements against outsiders
  • Assam and national integration

Chapter 8: Recent Developments in Indian Politics

The 80s saw many drastic developments that changed the face of politics in India. Chapter 8 of Part B in 12th Political Science gives a glimpse of that era. Class 12 Political Science NCERT solutions covers topics that include;

• • Context of 1990s
  • Era of Coalition
  • Alliance Politics
  • Political rise of the backward classes
  •  Mandal implemented
  • Political fallouts
  • Communalism, secularism, and democracy
  • Emergence of New Consensus
  • Lok Sabha elections 2004
  • Growing consensus

Key Features of Political Science Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Political Science tells you a lot more about your country than any other subject. Students of Political Science can identify the political values and ideas, governing institutions and their policy-making process. Further studies in Political Science open myriad options for students in policy making. NCERT Political Science class 12 is the foundation for students to understand the dynamics of their country and its standing across the world. These class 12 Political Science NCERT solutions are the perfect material to prep up for your exams and help you in framing your answers right. Why do these class 12 Political Science NCERT solutions stand out? Here are the key features:

• NCERT class 12 Political Science solutions to guide you better: Political Science is not a topic that has predetermined answers. Students have to read, speculate, analyse and then write an explanation in their own words. These class 12 Political Science solutions help in understanding the pattern of questions and how to answer them perfectly.
• Free access to all the class 12 Political Science question answers: These NCERT solutions class 12th Political Science are free for all. No question is payable for any student.
• Curated by Highly Experienced Subject Matter Experts: The Subject Matter experts who have curated these NCERT solutions class 12th Political Science are highly experienced and well-learned about their field. With these class 12 Political Science NCERT solutions you can expect to score high in your exams.