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Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called Matter.
Physical Nature Of Matter
- Matter is made up of particles.
- The particles of matter are very small they are small beyond our imagination.
Characteristics Of Particles Of Matter
- Particles of matter have space between them.
- Particles of matter are continuously moving.
- Particles of matter attract each other.
States Of Matter
- There are three states of matter namely solid, liquid and gas.
- The main difference between these states of matter are given below:
States Of Matter
Solid | Liquid | Gas |
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Effect Of Temperature
- The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point.
- The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as its boiling point. Boiling is a bulk phenomenon.
- The phase change phenomenon where the substance is transformed form liquid state to solid state is known as freezing point.
- The phenomenon of changing of a liquid into its vapour state at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
Factors affecting Evaporation
- An increase in surface area increases evaporation.
- An increase in temperature increases the rate of evaporation.
- A decrease in humidity increases the rate of evaporation.
- An increase in wind speed increases the rate of evaporation.
- Evaporation causes cooling effect.
- The change of the state of matter from the gas phase into liquid is known as condensation, it is reverse of evaporation.
- A change of state directly from solid to gas without changing into liquid state (or vice versa) is called sublimation.
- The phase change from the gaseous state to a solid state, without passing through the liquid state, is called deposition or re-sublimation.
Some Measurable Quantities and there Units
Quantity | Unit | Symbol |
Temperature | Kelvin | K |
Length | Metre | m |
Mass | Kilogram | Kg |
Weight | Newton | N |
Volume | Cubic metre | m3 |
Density | Kilogram per cubic metre | Kg/m3 |
Pressure | Pascal | Pa |
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