NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 3 - Latitude, Longitude and Time
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37. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Which are the two natural points of references on the earth?
Ans. North Pole and South Pole are the two natural points of reference on the earth.
(ii) What is a great circle?
Ans. Equator is also called a great circle. The line drawn midway between the North Pole and the South Pole is called the equator. It is the largest circle and divides the globe into two equal halves.
(iii) What are coordinates?
Ans. The latitudes and longitudes are commonly referred to as geographical coordinates as they provide a systematic network of lines upon which the position of various surface features of the earth can be represented.
(iv) Why does the sun appear to be moving from east to west?
Ans. The sun appears to move from East to West around the earth, it mean that the earth rotates in opposite direction i.e., from West to East.
(v) What is meant by local time?
Ans. The rate of the time at which the sun traverses over certain degrees of longitudes is used to determine the local time of an area with respect to the time at the Prime Meridian (0°Longitude).
38. Distinguish between latitudes and longitudes.
Ans.
| Longitude | Latitude |
| The meridians of longitude refer to the angular distance, along the equator measured in degrees. It is measured east or west of Greenwich (0°) from 0° to 180°. | The parallels of latitude refer to the angular distance, of a point north or south of the equator as measured in degrees. |
| Lines of longitude are often referred to as meridians. | Lines of latitude are often referred to as parallels. |
| Reference point: 0° longitude is called the prime meridian. | Reference point: 0° latitude is called the equator. |
| It divides the earth into the eastern hemisphere and the western hemisphere. | It divides the earth into the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere. |
| All meridians of longitude appear as circle running through the poles. | All latitudes are parallel to the equator. |
| It helps to determine the time of a place. | It helps to determine the temperature of a place. |
