ISC Class 12 Psychology Syllabus 2022-23

CISCE has released the Latest Updated Syllabus of the New Academic Session 2022-23 on April 21st, 2022, for class 12

Class 12^th Syllabus has been revised and changed many times during the Covid situation but finally it released. It’s very important for both Teachers and Students to understand the changes and strictly follow the topics covered in each subject under each stream for Class 12^th.

We have also updated Oswal Gurukul Books as per the Latest Paper Pattern prescribed by Board for each Subject Curriculum.

Students can directly access the ISC Psychology Syllabus for Class 12 of the academic year 2022- 23 by clicking on the link below.

PDF download links to the latest reduced Class 12 Psychology Syllabus for 2022-23 academic session

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ISC Psychology Class 12 Reduced Syllabus 2022-23

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S.No	Unit	Topic	Sub-Topic	Marks
SECTION A
1	Intelligence and Ability	(i) Intelligence: what is meant by intelligence - theories regarding the nature of intelligence; how intelligence is measured - the concept of IQ, intelligence tests – Individual Tests, Group Tests. Levels of intelligence and associated characteristics. Emotional Intelligence (EQ).	Intelligence: definition of intelligence (David Wechsler); what is meant by intelligence. Theories of Intelligence: Two Factor Theory – Charles Spearman; Primary Mental Abilities – L.L. Thurstone (seven factors); Raymond Cattell – Fluid and Crystallised Intelligence. Modern Theories: Information Processing; Triarchic Theory – Sternberg; Theory of Multiple Intelligence – Howard Gardner (eight intelligences). How intelligence is measured - the concept of IQ; Intelligence Tests – Individual Tests – Wechsler-3, Group Tests – Raven’s Progressive Matrices. Test details (Aim, history, description, scoring and uses) should be included; Levels of intelligence and associated characteristics (from gifted to below average). Emotional Intelligence (EQ) - Characteristics of Emotionally Intelligent Persons (in brief).	70

		(ii) Aptitude, Achievement and Interest: meaning of these terms. Reason for their assessment and means of aptitude assessment (different tools/ tests) used.	What is meant by Aptitude - when aptitude needs to be assessed - the GATB (General Aptitude Test Battery); meaning and usefulness of Achievement tests; Why Interest is measured?

2	Personality	(i) What is meant by Personality.	Definition of personality – Allport.

		(ii) Theories of Personality: Type Theories, Psychoanalytic Theory - Freud’s structure of personality; psycho-sexual stages of development; Post Freudians (in brief); Humanistic - Rogers and Maslow; Traits - Allport, Cattell; Social Cognitive Theory– Bandura.	Type Theory: Sheldon, Hippocrates, Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality: Freud's levels of consciousness, structure of personality - Id, Ego and Superego; principles on which they function; Psychosexual stages of development and fixation; defense mechanisms- rationalisation, projection, reaction formation, regression, repression, displacement, sublimation (each to be briefly explained); Post Freudians: Erik Erikson, Horney; Humanistic theories of Rogers (concept of fully functioning persons) and Maslow (self actualization). Traits: Allport (central, secondary and cardinal traits), Cattell (source and surface traits). The five-factor model of Costa and McCrae. Social Cognition theory of Bandura (Identification and explanation of concepts in the theoretical framework).

		(iii) How personality is assessed: reports, inventories (MMPI), projective techniques -Rorschach Inkblot Test and Thematic Apperception Test, Behavioural Analysis.	The use of Self Reports - inventories/ questionnaires in assessing Personality - an understanding of the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory); what is meant by Projective Techniques - how the Rorschach Inkblot and TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) are used (Test details should include procedure, scoring and results).
			Behavioural Analysis: Interview, Observation, Nomination, Behavioural ratings, Situational tests (in brief).

SECTION B

3	Lifespan Development	(i) Meaning of Development, growth and maturation.	Why is the study of lifespan development important? Context of development – Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory.

		(ii) Infancy - motor, cognitive development, socio-emotional development.	Motor Development – definition of motor milestone, reflexes- rooting, moro, grasping, babinski; cognitive development – Piaget’s Sensory Motor Stage; socio-emotional development – attachment (definition). Mary Ainsworth’s & Lamb’s strange situation test (four patterns of attachment).

		(iii) Childhood - motor, cognitive development and moral development.	Motor development- gross motor and fine motor skills (definitions only); cognitive development – Piaget’s Theory (Preoperational and Concrete). Moral development – Kohlberg’s perspective Experiment on Moral Dilemma – pre-conventional, conventional and post conventional morality.

		(iv) Adolescence - physical changes, cognitive development ; some major concerns.	Physical changes at puberty (in brief); Cognitive development – Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage; Some major concerns – substance abuse (drugs and alcohol) – meaning of substance abuse and symptoms of drug abuse and alcoholism; eating disorders - bulimia, anorexia (meaning and symptoms).

4	Stress and Stress Management	(i) Meaning of stress - its basic nature.	Strain and Eustress; Stress as a process - stressors (negative and positive events); the stages of GAS or the General Adaptation Syndrome (Selye's model). Cognitive appraisal of stress – primary and secondary.

		(ii) Common causes of stress.	External/situational: major life events, minor hassles of everyday life, work-related causes, the physical environment.
			Internal/dispositional: Personality variables-traits and types.

		(iii) Effects of stress on health.	Upsets the internal mechanism and balance - immune system affected, hypertension, heart problems, ulcers, diabetes, asthma (each effect to be briefly explained). Burnout- work related burnout.

		(iv) Stress management - effective strategies of handling stress.	Effective strategies - relaxation training and yoga.
			Promoting positive health and well-being: Exercise, Diet, Self-Care, Life Skills, Assertiveness, Rational thinking, improving relationships, overcoming unhelpful habits, Social support, Stress Resistant Personality, Positive thinking and positive attitude.

5	Psychological Disorders and Psychotherapy	(i) Meaning of “Abnormal behaviour” -biological, psychological and socio - cultural perspectives. Principles of classification of psychological disorders with reference to DSM IV.	Common features of abnormal behaviour- deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger.
			"Different views of ""abnormal"" behaviour - the statistical stand - the biological/medical approach - the psychodynamic perspective - the sociocultural dimension; why classification of disorders is necessary - an understanding of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – IV (brief explanation of each Axis)."

		(ii) Characteristics of some psychological, behavioural and developmental disorders: Anxiety - generalised, phobic, obsessive-compulsive; Mood - bi-polar, depression (causes and symptoms of all).	What is meant by anxiety - different forms of anxiety disorders: generalised, phobias, obsession -compulsive disorders; Mood disorders- characteristics of severe depression, manic-depressive or bipolar disorder (causes and symptoms).
			Behavioural and Developmental Disorders- Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), Autism (definition and symptoms only).

		(iii) Schizophrenia – meaning and characteristics	Basic nature of Schizophrenia: symptoms-positive and negative

		(iv) Psychotherapy - Psychoanalysis; Client-centred; Behavioural, Psychosocial Rehabilitation.	What is meant by Psychotherapy - central features of psychodynamic therapies - free transference and counter transference association, dream analysis, resistance (explain briefly); the principles on which client centred therapy has been developed. Behavioural therapies based on classical conditioning (flooding and systematic desensitisation) and operant conditioning (shaping and token economy) and modelling (explain briefly). Cognitive Therapy- A. Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy (explain briefly); Psychosocial Rehabilitation (explain briefly).

6	Social Thought and Social Behaviour	(i) Social Perception - attribution or the process through which people try to understand the reasons for others’ behaviour.	Attribution- definition, biases in forming judgments. Explain with examples each of the following biases - fundamental attribution error or correspondence bias, self-serving bias, the false consensus effect, automatic vigilance.

		(ii) Social Influence- how people try to change others’ behaviour; social norms; conformity and obedience - factors affecting them.	Meaning and characteristics of a group; types of groups- formal and informal, primary and secondary and in-group and out-group. Meaning of social norms - why people conform to social norms; factors affecting Conformity and Obedience. Asch's study on conformity; why and when people obey others - Milgram's experiment.

7	Attitudes	(i) Meaning of “Attitude” - how attitudes are formed and changed.	What are attitudes - the components of attitude; the process of forming attitudes - how attitudes change: persuasion- definition and methods to change attitude and cognitive dissonance- definition and any three ways to reduce cognitive dissonance.

		(ii) Prejudice – meaning of “prejudice” and discrimination; the origins of prejudice; how to combat prejudice.	An understanding of the meaning of prejudice and how it works in the form of discrimination - causes of prejudice: social learning, realistic competition, social categorization and stereotyping; ways in which prejudice can be resisted.

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