NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 4 - Executive

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90. A parliamentary executive means:

(a) Executive where there is a parliament

(b) Executive elected by the parliament

(d) Executive that is dependent on support of the majority in the parliament

Ans. (d) Executive that is dependent on support of the majority in the parliament

91. Read this dialogue. Which argument do you agree with? Why?

Amit: Looking at the constitutional provisions, it seems that the President is only a rubber stamp.

Shama: The President appoints the Prime Minister. So, he must have the powers to remove the Prime Minister as well.

Rajesh: We don’t need a President. After the election, the Parliament can meet and elect a leader to be the Prime Minister.

Ans. The argument given by Amit: Looking at the constitutional provisions, it seems that the President is only a rubber stamp. Is correct because despite having discretionary powers, the President only work on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers have support of the majority in the Lok Sabha and they enjoy the real executive power even the veto power of the president is limited for instance the president has to give assent to the bill which has been given book to reconsideration by him, if it is passed by the parliament again.

92. Match the following.

Column A	Column B
(i) Works within the particular State in which recruited	(a) Indian Foreign Service
(ii) Works in any central government office located either at the national capital or elsewhere in the country	(b) State Civil Services
(iii) Works in a particular State to which allotted; can also be sent on deputation to the centre	(c) All India Services
(iv) Works in Indian missions abroad	(d) Central Services

Ans. (i)-(b), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(a)

93. Identify the ministry which may have released the following news items. Would this be a ministry of the central government or the State government? Why?

(a) An official release said that in 2004-05 the Tamil Nadu Textbooks Corporation would release new versions for standards VII, X and XI.

(b) A new railway loop line bypassing the crowded Tiruvallur-Chennai section to help iron ore exporters. The new line, likely to be about 80 km long, will branch off at Puttur and then reach Athipattu near the port.

(c) The three-member sub-divisional committee formed to verify suicide by farmers in Ramayampet mandal has found that the two farmers who committed suicide this month have had economic problems due to failure of crops.

Ans. (a) Ministry of Education, State Government. This is because the textbooks in particular to the Tamil Nadu cooperation will not be published by the Central Government.

(b) Ministry of Railway, Central Government. This is because the railway sector is an all India organisation that is managed by the central government.

(c) Ministry of Agriculture, State Government. This is because agriculture at the subdivisional level is supervised by the agriculture department of that state.

94. While appointing the Prime Minister, the President selects

(a) Leader of the largest party in the Lok Sabha

(b) Leader of the largest party in the alliance which secures a majority in the Lok Sabha

(d) Leader of the alliance or party that has the support of the majority in Lok Sabha

Ans. (d) Leader of the alliance or party that has the support of the majority in Lok Sabha

95. Read this discussion and say which of these statements applies most to India.

Alok: Prime Minister is like a king, he decides everything in our country.

Shekhar: Prime Minister is only ‘first among equals’, he does not have any special powers. All ministers and the PM have similar powers.

Bobby: Prime Minister has to consider the expectations of the party members and other supporters of the government. But after all, the Prime Minister has a greater say in policy making and in choosing the ministers.

Ans. The statement given by Bobby applies most to India as the Prime Minister of India heads the executive and is accountable to the legislature at the same time.

96. Why do you think is the advice of the Council of Ministers binding on the President? Give your answer in not more than 100 words.

Ans. The President is bound by the advice of the Council of Ministers in a Parliamentary Executive because the Council of Ministers is an elected executive that has the support of majority in the Legislature. It also emphasizes the supreme authority of elected representatives in a Republic. The President as a ceremonial head and limits on his/her powers which helps to avoid conflict within the executive. Thus, the executive, legislative, judicial and the emergency powers of the President is exercised only on the advice of Council of Ministers.

97. The parliamentary system of executive vests many powers in the legislature for controlling the executive. Why, do you think, is it so necessary to control the executive?

Ans. It is necessary to control the executive because:

(a) It is important to control the executive so as he/she remain accountability to the elected representative.

(b) To make sure that the executive work with accordance with the law and the constitution.

98. It is said that there is too much political interference in the working of the administrative machinery. It is suggested that there should be more and more autonomous agencies which do not have to answer to the ministers.

(a) Do you think this will make administration more peoplefriendly?

(b) Do you think this will make administration more efficient?

Ans. (a) This will not make administration more people friendly rather this would lead to loss of accountability without checks and balances.

(b) This would make the administration less efficient because the ideologies of the autonomous agencies may contradict with objectives of the government.

(c) Democracy does not mean full control of elected representatives over the administration as the elected representatives’ role is to make laws and keep the administration accountable, whereas the administration is a specified task that is best handled by administrative machinery and it require a certain degree of autonomy to carry out its task.

99. Write an essay of two hundred words on the proposal to have an elected administration instead of an appointed administration.

Ans. At present in almost all the democratic countries of the world administration is appointed. If appointed administration is changed into elected administration it will be harmful due to the following reasons:

(a) Appointed administration is efficient and impartial because civil servants are selected on the basis of merit. Elected administration would become unstable and elected administration cannot handle the administration effectively

(b) Appointed administration is non-partisan whereas elected administration would be partisan

(c) The elected administration would frame the policies on the basis of the promise made at the time of the election. An appointed administration, policies are implemented without any political interference.

(d) There is full potential interference in elected administration which is very harmful for the nation elected administration is very
expensive.

(e) Elected administration lacks technical knowledge while appointed administration is an expert in their field. In every aspect, appointed administration is better than electrician