Kings, Farmers and Towns Class 12 Notes History Chapter 2 - CBSE

Chapter : 2

What Are Kings, Farmers And Towns ?

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    • Inscriptions are the written text generally on the hard surfaces that includes stones, potteries or several metal surfaces.
    • The two earliest scripts that were deciphered by the East India Company were Brahmi and Kharoshti script.
    • James Prinsep was an officer of the East India Company who served in the mint section of the company. He led to the decipherment of several scripts from ancient India.
    • Mahajanapadas were the largest and most powerful territorial units during the period of 600 BCE and 600 CE.
      There total number was sixteen.
    • The earliest capital of the Magadha was Rajagriha. The capital was later shifted to the city of Pataliputra.
    • The five major political centres of power in Mauryan Empire were Pataliputra, Taxila, Ujjayini, Tosali and Suvarnagari.
    • According to Ashoka Dharma, we should show respect towards our elders and generosity towards the Brahmins.
    • Prashastis were the inscriptions that were written in the praise of the Kings. They were generally associated with the Gupta period.
    • Harishena served as the court poet of Samudragupta. He composed the Allahabad Pillar Inscription in Sanskrit.
    • Prabhavati Gupta was the daughter of Chandragupta II.
    • Kings had the authority to collect taxes from the common people. They were also allowed to take tributes from the cultivators and traders.
    • They gave lands to the religious institutions and to the Brahamanas to obtain legitimacy for their rule from them.
    • Kushanas ruled over the territories extending from the Central Asia to the North Western territories between 100 BCE to 100 CE.
    • Kushanas ruled over the territories extending from the Central Asia to the North Western territories between 100 BCE to 100 CE.
    • Books like Panchatantra and Jatakas mentioned stories related to the lives and events of the ordinary people.
    • The famous book Harshacharita was written by Banabhatta. The book is the biography of the ruler of Kannauj ‘Harshavardhana.’
    • Mathura was a center for commercial, political as well as cultural activities which led to the increase of its relevance.
    • Suvarnagiri also known as the golden mountains, was important due to the availability of gold mines in the region.
    • The most of the Ashokan inscriptions were written in the Prakrit language. The script of the Prakrit language was Brahmi script.
    • The introduction of the two new religions Buddhism and Jainism in fifth century B.C also changed the social structure of the society.
    • Gahapati was the term used for the individual who exercised control over the resources of a household that include material resources like land and living resources like women, slaves, children.
    • The participation of women in the administrative and economic activities during ancient period was very less.
    • Guilds were the collective organisation of the craftsmen and other merchants sharing common interest.